主管单位:中国科学技术协会
主办单位:中国地理学会
承办单位:华东师范大学

世界地理研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (01): 22-33.

• 世界政治与经济 • 上一篇    下一篇

坦桑尼亚城市体系演变与空间分布特征

张家旗,陈爽,Damas W. Mapunda   

  1. 中科院南京地理与湖泊研究所
  • 收稿日期:2017-04-20 修回日期:2017-07-03 出版日期:2018-02-15 发布日期:2018-03-01
  • 通讯作者: 陈爽
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院海外科教基地建设计划项目

Evolution and Spatial Distribution of the Urban System in Tanzania

  • Received:2017-04-20 Revised:2017-07-03 Online:2018-02-15 Published:2018-03-01
  • Supported by:
    Overseas Science and Education Base Construction Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences

摘要: 坦桑尼亚是东部非洲城市化发展最快的国家之一,长期与中国保持密切合作关系。坦桑尼亚城市体系及空间分布研究可为当地城市发展决策及中-坦在城市建设方面的合作提供科学依据。基于坦桑尼亚独立以来全国人口普查资料及自然环境数据,在界定城市地区的基础上,运用位序-规模法则、标准差椭圆、城市发展适宜度等分析方法,定量分析了坦桑尼亚独立以来的城市体系演变过程及现阶段空间分布特征。研究发现:①坦桑尼亚城市规模分布经历了“不均衡-均衡-不均衡”的发展过程,达累斯萨拉姆在城市体系中长期占有绝对主导地位,且在未来一定时期内仍将持续;②坦桑尼亚城市空间上呈现“西北-东南”的分布格局,中心位于中部偏东省份,城市扩张方向以西北、西部以及西南方向为主;③城市的空间分布受河流、降雨量、植被、地形起伏度、高程等自然环境因素影响,且高等级城市倾向于分布在水土环境条件较好的地区;④坦桑尼亚高适宜度区位于东非大裂谷东、西支之间的中央高原,以及东部沿海和东南部高原一带,城市发展低适宜度区位于东北部高地及其向西南延伸的南部高地,整体上自西北向东南呈现“高-低-高”的空间分布格局。

Abstract: Tanzania is one of the fastest growing countries in eastern Africa and has maintained close ties with China for the past three decades. Study on the evolution and spatial distribution of urban system in Tanzania could provide a reference for the local urban development policy, and potential avenues that can strengthen cooperation between China and Tanzania in urban construction. Based on the national census data and natural environmental data, method such as rank-size rule, standard deviation ellipse and urban development suitability were used to quantitatively analyze the evolution process and spatial distribution of Tanzania’s urban development. The findings indicated that: ①The urban scale distribution of Tanzanian had undergone a process of “unbalanced - balanced - unbalanced”, Dar es Salaam had absolute dominance in the urban system in the long-term, and this situation will continue to persist; ②The spatial distribution of the cities in Tanzanian showed the pattern of “northwest - southeast”, while the city distribution center was located in the eastern part of the central provinces, the urban expansion pattern was mainly concentrated on the northwest, west and southwest direction, and were consistent with the major transport corridor; ③The urban spatial distribution was affected by the natural environmental factors such as river, rainfall, vegetation, terrain and elevation, and high-grade cities tend to be distributed in areas with better soil and water conditions; ④The high urban development suitability zone was located in the central plateau between the east and west branches of the East African Great Rift Valley, and the eastern coastal along with southeastern plateau. The low urban development suitability zone was mainly found in the northeastern highland zone and extended to the southwest linking with the southern highland zone. The urban development suitability from northwest to southeast was basically dominated by “high - low - high” distribution pattern as a whole. The selection of new urban sites could give priority to the south part of the western section of central railway.