Abstract: With the increasing population in our country, food security has become the key factor for maintaining the steady development of the country. Since ancient times, Jianghan Plain is an important grain producing area in our country and plays an important role in maintaining food security in our country. It has typical and research value. Based on the grain yield data of Jianghan Plain from 2000 to 2015, this paper studies the spatial and temporal changes of grain production in Jianghan Plain over the past 16 years through regional center of gravity model and spatial autocorrelation technique, and then discusses its driving mechanism. Analysis results: (1) The total output of paddy rice in Jianghan Plain and the average value of counties continued to grow. High-yielding counties are concentrated in the eastern part of the plain, and the middle-high-yielding counties are gradually moving eastward and southward. The distribution of low-yielding counties is scattered and increasingly marginalized. (2) The center of grain yield of Jianghan Plain showed a tendency of moving eastwards and southwards, and the rate of change experienced a process of rapid and slow recovery. The spatial pattern tended to be stable. (3) The grain yield distribution of Jianghan Plain shows spatial aggregation, while the high-yielding areas are mainly concentrated in the eastern area, while the low-yielding areas are concentrated in the west and the overall scale is small. Conclusion: The spatial pattern of cultivated land resources, such as spatial pattern change, speeding up of urbanization, tilting of national policies, planting benefits and cultivation techniques, led to the spatial pattern evolution of paddy production in Jianghan Plain by dominant factors and subsidiary factors.