主管单位:中国科学技术协会
主办单位:中国地理学会
承办单位:华东师范大学

世界地理研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (05): 12-21.

• 世界政治与经济 • 上一篇    下一篇

欧洲“自由”等级空间格局演变及外部驱动机制

麻洪川1,丁梓越1,刘建忠12,张晶2,韩志军3,郗笃刚4   

  1. 1. 信息工程大学
    2. 解放军信息工程大学地理空间信息学院
    3. 信息工程大学地理空间信息学院七教
    4. 信息工程大学地理空间信息学院
  • 收稿日期:2017-12-08 修回日期:2018-02-24 出版日期:2018-10-15 发布日期:2018-10-09
  • 通讯作者: 刘建忠1
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目

Spatial evolution and its external driving mechanism of “free” ratings pattern in Europe

    

  1.  
  • Received:2017-12-08 Revised:2018-02-24 Online:2018-10-15 Published:2018-10-09
  • Supported by:
     

摘要: 本文采用1974-2016年欧洲各国“自由”等级数据,对欧洲“自由”等级格局演变进行时空分析,结合美国发布的《国别人权报告》、西方经济制裁数据、西方军事干涉数据,探索欧洲“自由”等级空间格局演变外部驱动机制。研究表明:①欧洲各国“自由”等级的标准差指数和变异系数总体下降,其相对和绝对差异有缩小趋势。②欧洲“自由”国家数量总体呈现显著增长,空间分布从欧洲南部、西部、北部地区扩散至欧洲东部、中部地区;欧洲“部分自由”国家数量总体变化不大,空间分布从欧洲中部地区、西部地区的大公国演变成欧洲东部、东南部地区;欧洲“不自由”国家数量总体出现明显减少,空间分布从欧洲东部、东南部、中部地区演变成白俄罗斯和俄罗斯。③欧洲“自由”等级相近的国家在空间上趋于集中分布;主要存在3种集聚模式,即高高集聚区,主要在欧洲西部地区;低低集聚区,主要在欧洲东部、东南部地区;高低集聚区,主要在欧洲南部、中部、东部地区。④探索出欧洲“自由”等级格局演变的外部驱动机制。

 

Abstract: The paper analyzed the spatial and temporal evolution of “free” ratings pattern in Europe based on the data from Country Reports on Human Rights Practices of the U.S, economic sanctions and military interventions of western countries. In addition, this paper also explored the external driving mechanism of the spatial and temporal evolution of “free” ratings pattern in Europe. Conclusions are as follows: ①The Standard Deviation and Coefficient of Variation of “free” ratings in Europe declines, which means relative and absolute difference narrowing. ②The number of “free” country increases obviously, whose spatial distribution diffused from Southern, Western and Northern Europe to Eastern and Central Europe; The number of “partly free” country does not change basically, whose spatial distribution shifts from Central and Grand Duchies to Eastern and Southeast Europe; The number of “not free” country declines markedly, whose spatial distribution shifts from Eastern, Southeast and Central Europe to Belarus and Russia. ③The countries in Europe with similar “free” ratings tend to be concentrated in spatial distribution; There exits three aggregation modes: H-H aggregation regions located in Western Europe; L-L aggregation regions located in Eastern and Southeast Europe; H-L aggregation regions located in Southern, Central and Eastern Europe. ④The paper has explored out the external driving mechanism of the spatial and temporal evolution of “free” ratings pattern in Europe:Firstly, the U.S criticizes target countries in Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, which guides the evolution of “free” ratings pattern in Europe. Secondly, economic sanctions are the behavioral extension and concrete measure of the accusation for non-Western European countries in Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, which change the “free” ratings pattern in Europe indirectly. Lastly, military interventions change the “free” ratings pattern in Europe directly.

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