Abstract: Under the framework of federal system, the Murray-Darling Basin governance arrangements reform continuously, from state autonomy, to state consultation and coordination to commonwealth governance, in order to deal with the evolving environment and prominent problems in the Basin. The reform conform the international trend of integrated watershed management. There are differences between China and Australia from some aspect, such as national political system and construction, legislation and division of powers in basin management. Especially the current situation is dual legislation for water resource protection and water pollution control, and multi-department management in China. The experience learned from the Murray-Darling Basin reform in governance arrangements is to improve the multi-level cooperation mechanism and combine regional consultation and nation integrated management. It will create the conditions for new river basin governance arrangements in China.

摘要： 在联邦制框架下，墨累-达令流域管理体制从区域自治、到区域协商，再到国家统管，不断改革，以应对演变的流域环境和凸显的流域问题，顺应流域综合管理的国际发展趋势。考虑到国家结构形式的不同，流域立法和流域管理权力分配方式的不同，特别是中国的水资源保护利用和水污染防治二元立法模式，以及多部门涉水管理，可借鉴墨累-达令流域管理体制改革经验，重点完善流域多级协调机制，将流域区域协商与国家统筹管理相结合，为下一步流域管理新体制的产生创造条件。