Spatial evolution and influential factors of China's foreign technology transfer network

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.01.2020650

Abstract

Abstract:

The rapid development of technology stimulates prosperity of patent transfer worldwide. This article aims to explore the spatial evolution, and influencing factors of the patent transfer of the mainland China. The approaches of the spatial analysis, complex network analysis, and negative binomial regression analysis were involved. It is found that: (1)The patent transfer network between China and other countries or regions is becoming denser, and the patent transfers between the Chinese mainland and other countries and regions show significant spatial heterogeneity at the global scale. Europe and America, who traditionally dominated the international technical exchanges for quite a long time, have gradually been replaced by three pillars of the world, e.g., Europe, North America, and East Asia. (2)Three domestic hubs are observed in the patent transfer flow network, which are Taiwan, Hong Kong, the Chinese mainland. The Chinese mainland has gradually become the largest core of the network. The scale of patent introduction has always been larger than patent dissemination. Taiwan plays an important role in patent output, while Hong Kong acts as a technical intermediary.(3) Transnational patent transfer will benefit from increasing research and development (R&D) investment and high-tech product exports as they help fill technological gaps. The accessibility of the contact channels and development degree of national economy are positively related to the quantity of patent transfer,but the influence of geographic proximity is not significant.

Key words: patent transfer, spatial evolution, society network, influencing factors, technology

摘要：

随着新一轮科技产业变革深入发展，全球专利转移活动日趋活跃。借助复杂网络分析和负二项式回归分析，探讨中国对外专利引进网络和专利输出网络的时空演化特征，研究发现：（1）中国与其他国家和地区之间的专利转移网络日益稠密，参与专利转移的国家或地区数量不断增加，且专利转移网络表现出明显的空间异质性。欧洲、北美和东亚形成的“三足鼎立”格局逐步取代了欧美长期主导中国对外技术交流的“两极”格局。（2）在对外技术转移网络中逐渐形成台湾省、香港特别行政区、中国内地三大核心枢纽。中国内地技术进步明显，逐渐成为网络最大的核心，其专利引进规模一直大于专利的输出规模，但专利输出的增长速度更快。台湾省一直以技术输出为主导；香港特别行政区则一直扮演着技术中介的作用，技术输出和引进较为均衡；而澳门特别行政区的作用并不明显。（3）从跨国专利转移规模的影响因素中发现，加大研发投入和高新技术产品出口可以缩小技术差距以促进专利转移，畅通的技术通道确保了专利转移的持续进行，国民经济水平也存在一定的积极影响，但地理邻近性的影响并不显著。

关键词: 专利转移, 空间演化, 社会网络, 影响因素, 技术

Shanshan YAN, Chengliang LIU. Spatial evolution and influential factors of China's foreign technology transfer network[J]. World Regional Studies, 2023, 32(1): 19-30.

闫姗姗, 刘承良. 中国对外技术转移网络的空间演化及其影响因素[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(1): 19-30.

Figures/Tables 5

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	变量		定义	来源
因变量	Y₁		中国内地的专利引进/项	CNIPR
因变量	Y₂		中国内地的专利输出/项	CNIPR
自变量	技术差距	X₁	研发投资占国内生产总值的百分比/％	World Bank, OECD
		X₂	每百万居民中专职研发人员的数量/人	OECD
		X₃	各国高科技产品的出口额/现价美元	UN Comtrade
		X₄	本地居民申请专利的数量/项	World Bank
		X₅	非本地居民申请专利的数量/项	World Bank
	技术通道	X₆	中国内地的外国直接投资/万美元	China Statistical Yearbook
		X₇	中国内地的对外投资/万美元	MOFCOM
		X₈	中国内地向各国出口的货物总额/万美元	China Statistical Yearbook
		X₉	中国内地从各国进口的货物总额/万美元	China Statistical Yearbook
	地理距离	X₁₀	中国内地到其他国家的地理距离/千米	CEPII
	控制变量	X₁₁	人均GDP/现价美元	World Bank

	变量		定义	来源
因变量	Y₁		中国内地的专利引进/项	CNIPR
因变量	Y₂		中国内地的专利输出/项	CNIPR
自变量	技术差距	X₁	研发投资占国内生产总值的百分比/％	World Bank, OECD
		X₂	每百万居民中专职研发人员的数量/人	OECD
		X₃	各国高科技产品的出口额/现价美元	UN Comtrade
		X₄	本地居民申请专利的数量/项	World Bank
		X₅	非本地居民申请专利的数量/项	World Bank
	技术通道	X₆	中国内地的外国直接投资/万美元	China Statistical Yearbook
		X₇	中国内地的对外投资/万美元	MOFCOM
		X₈	中国内地向各国出口的货物总额/万美元	China Statistical Yearbook
		X₉	中国内地从各国进口的货物总额/万美元	China Statistical Yearbook
	地理距离	X₁₀	中国内地到其他国家的地理距离/千米	CEPII
	控制变量	X₁₁	人均GDP/现价美元	World Bank

变量		Y₁				Y₂
变量		模型1	模型2	模型3	模型4	模型5	模型6	模型7	模型8
技术差距	X₁	0.143^* （0.021）	0.117^** （0.005）			0.044 （0.661）	0.052 （0.429）
	X₂	0.770 （0.790）	0.175 （0.656）			0.286 （0.806）	0.199 （0.660）
	X₃	-0.325 （0.098）	0.100 （0.369）			0.062 （0.836）	0.409^* （0.026）
	X₄	0.094 （0.553）	0.130 （0.195）			-0.117 （0.711）	-0.053 （0.705）
	X₅	-0.300^* （0.015）	0.126 （0.109）			-0.187 （0.382）	0.094 （0.452）
技术通道	X₆	0.047（0.790）		-0.091 （0.480）		-0.144 （0.522）		-0.059 （0.740）
	X₇	0.205^* （0.008）		0.087 （0.313）		0.256 （0.095）		0.172 （0.180）
	X₈	0.627^*** （0.000）		0.349^** （0.004）		0.472 （0.313）		0.295 （0.334）
	X₉	0.624 （0.067）		0.632^*** （0.000）		0.527 （0.164）		0.172 （0.180）
地理距离	X₁₀	0.696^* （0.038）			-0.462 （0.157）	0.018 （0.982）			-0.899 （0.261）
控制变量	X₁₁	-0.038 （0.940）	0.251 （0.506）	1.216^*** （0.000）	0.801^** （0.004）	0.583 （0.551）	0.433 （0.308）	1.141^*** （0.000）	1.386^* （0.031）
	_cons	-26.583^*** （0.000）	-11.611^** （0.001）	30.031^*** （0.000）	-6.278 （0.102）	-26.438^** （0.007）	-19.642^** （0.001）	-25.636^*** （0.000）	-9.900 （0.334）
	Hausman检验	0.109	0.136	0.549	0.170	0.182	0.217	0.829	0.349

变量		Y₁				Y₂
变量		模型1	模型2	模型3	模型4	模型5	模型6	模型7	模型8
技术差距	X₁	0.143^* （0.021）	0.117^** （0.005）			0.044 （0.661）	0.052 （0.429）
	X₂	0.770 （0.790）	0.175 （0.656）			0.286 （0.806）	0.199 （0.660）
	X₃	-0.325 （0.098）	0.100 （0.369）			0.062 （0.836）	0.409^* （0.026）
	X₄	0.094 （0.553）	0.130 （0.195）			-0.117 （0.711）	-0.053 （0.705）
	X₅	-0.300^* （0.015）	0.126 （0.109）			-0.187 （0.382）	0.094 （0.452）
技术通道	X₆	0.047（0.790）		-0.091 （0.480）		-0.144 （0.522）		-0.059 （0.740）
	X₇	0.205^* （0.008）		0.087 （0.313）		0.256 （0.095）		0.172 （0.180）
	X₈	0.627^*** （0.000）		0.349^** （0.004）		0.472 （0.313）		0.295 （0.334）
	X₉	0.624 （0.067）		0.632^*** （0.000）		0.527 （0.164）		0.172 （0.180）
地理距离	X₁₀	0.696^* （0.038）			-0.462 （0.157）	0.018 （0.982）			-0.899 （0.261）
控制变量	X₁₁	-0.038 （0.940）	0.251 （0.506）	1.216^*** （0.000）	0.801^** （0.004）	0.583 （0.551）	0.433 （0.308）	1.141^*** （0.000）	1.386^* （0.031）
	_cons	-26.583^*** （0.000）	-11.611^** （0.001）	30.031^*** （0.000）	-6.278 （0.102）	-26.438^** （0.007）	-19.642^** （0.001）	-25.636^*** （0.000）	-9.900 （0.334）
	Hausman检验	0.109	0.136	0.549	0.170	0.182	0.217	0.829	0.349

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