贵州省乡村旅游村寨的空间分异格局及地理特征研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.06.2020148

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过对贵州省标准级别以上的142个乡村旅游村寨空间分异特征和地理特征的分析，运用最邻近点指数、空间自相关法、核密度法和标准差椭圆分析法探析142个乡村旅游村寨的空间分布特征，并采用ArcGIS10.4将贵州省的高程、水系、道路网、乡村旅游村寨图层叠加，分别分析乡村旅游村寨的地理特征。结果表明贵州省的乡村旅游村寨呈现出正向集聚分布，形成了4个集中分布区，68%的村寨沿西南向东北方向分布，以下地理特征最为显著：集中分布于中低海拔的河流沿岸地区、邻近高级景区和客源市场、交通趋向性强、文化生态环境的区域性。基于此，结合贵州省的乡村旅游发展现状提出三点建议：充分挖掘贵州的山地农耕文化，丰富乡村旅游资源，发展休闲农业旅游业态；加强热点分布地区乡村旅游村寨与邻近高级景区的联系，构建产业化发展模式，提供稳定的客源市场；利用少数民族地区传统村落、非物质文化遗产丰富的优势，开发创意性的文化产业，增强社区主体的参与意愿。

关键词: 乡村旅游村寨, 空间分异特征, 地理特征, 贵州省, 集聚分布

Abstract:

Through the analysis of spatial differentiation and geographical characteristics of 142 rural tourism villages above the standard level in Guizhou Province. Using the nearest neighbor index, spatial autocorrelation method, kernel density method and standard deviation ellipse analysis method to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of 142 rural tourism villages, and using ArcGIS 10.4 to compare the elevation, water system, road network and rural tourism villages in Guizhou Province Overlay layers to analyze the geographical features of rural tourist villages. The results show that the rural tourist villages in Guizhou Province present a positive concentration distribution, forming 4 concentrated distribution areas, 68% of the villages are distributed along the southwest to northeast, the following geographical features are most notable: concentrated in the areas along the rivers of low and middle elevations , Close to high-level scenic spots and tourist markets, strong traffic trends, and regional cultural and ecological environment. Based on this, combined with the current situation of rural tourism development in Guizhou Province, three suggestions are proposed: fully explore the mountain farming culture in Guizhou, enrich rural tourism resources, and develop leisure agricultural tourism formats; strengthen the relationship between rural tourist villages in hotspot distribution areas and neighboring high-level scenic spots to build The industrialization development model provides a stable market for customers; it takes advantage of the richness of traditional villages and intangible cultural heritage in ethnic minority areas to develop creative cultural industries and enhance the willingness of communities to participate.

Key words: rural tourism villages, geographical feature, influencing factors, Guizhou Province, clustered distribution

樊念, 韩荣培, 梁坤. 贵州省乡村旅游村寨的空间分异格局及地理特征研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(6): 1308-1319.

Nian FAN, Rongpei HAN, Kun LIANG. Study on the spatial characteristics and influencing factors of rural tourism villages in Guizhou Province[J]. World Regional Studies, 2021, 30(6): 1308-1319.

图/表 10

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评价标准		甲级村寨	乙级村寨	标准级村寨
村容村貌	乡村性	保存完好	保存较好	保存尚可
	地方特色	民族特色明显	当地特色明显
	旅游项目活动	参与性好、体验性强	参与性好	参与性较好
旅游规划		有编制旅游规划或进行项目策划
交通		对外交通便利、可进入性好	对外交通便利
旅游资源		特色鲜明，在全省有较高知名度、吸引力	特色较为突出，在周边县市域有较高知名度
住宿	数量	5家以上	3家以上	2家以上
	星级乡村客栈或农家旅社	3家及以上	2家及以上	1家及以上
	总客房数	100间及以上	50间及以上	30间以上
餐饮场所	数量	5家以上	3家以上	2家以上
	星级农家乐餐饮店	3家以上	2家以上	1家及以上
	总餐位数	500以上	200以上	100以上
特色商店	数量	有多家	有	有
特色商店	土特产品、纪念品种类	18种以上	10种以上	5种以上
可推荐村寨游览线路或游道数量		3条及以上	2条及以上	1条及以上
可提供地方特色旅游活动数量		5项及以上	4项及以上	3项及以上

评价标准		甲级村寨	乙级村寨	标准级村寨
村容村貌	乡村性	保存完好	保存较好	保存尚可
	地方特色	民族特色明显	当地特色明显
	旅游项目活动	参与性好、体验性强	参与性好	参与性较好
旅游规划		有编制旅游规划或进行项目策划
交通		对外交通便利、可进入性好	对外交通便利
旅游资源		特色鲜明，在全省有较高知名度、吸引力	特色较为突出，在周边县市域有较高知名度
住宿	数量	5家以上	3家以上	2家以上
	星级乡村客栈或农家旅社	3家及以上	2家及以上	1家及以上
	总客房数	100间及以上	50间及以上	30间以上
餐饮场所	数量	5家以上	3家以上	2家以上
	星级农家乐餐饮店	3家以上	2家以上	1家及以上
	总餐位数	500以上	200以上	100以上
特色商店	数量	有多家	有	有
特色商店	土特产品、纪念品种类	18种以上	10种以上	5种以上
可推荐村寨游览线路或游道数量		3条及以上	2条及以上	1条及以上
可提供地方特色旅游活动数量		5项及以上	4项及以上	3项及以上

所在市（州）	甲级/个	乙级/个	标准级/个	总数/个	比重/%	排名
铜仁市	3	6	14	23	16.20	1
安顺市	8	14	0	22	15.49	2
遵义市	19	0	0	19	13.38	3
黔南州	9	6	3	18	12.68	4
毕节市	11	3	2	16	11.27	5
黔东南州	7	0	5	12	8.45	6
六盘水市	6	0	5	11	7.75	7
贵阳市	4	1	6	11	7.75	8
黔西南州	1	1	8	10	7.04	9

所在市（州）	甲级/个	乙级/个	标准级/个	总数/个	比重/%	排名
铜仁市	3	6	14	23	16.20	1
安顺市	8	14	0	22	15.49	2
遵义市	19	0	0	19	13.38	3
黔南州	9	6	3	18	12.68	4
毕节市	11	3	2	16	11.27	5
黔东南州	7	0	5	12	8.45	6
六盘水市	6	0	5	11	7.75	7
贵阳市	4	1	6	11	7.75	8
黔西南州	1	1	8	10	7.04	9

乡村旅游村寨类型	理论最邻近距离/km	最邻近点要素平均距离/km	最邻近指数	空间结构类型
标准级	32.00	14.22	0.44	凝聚分布
乙级	37.69	21.77	0.58	凝聚分布
甲级	25.45	20.65	0.81	凝聚分布
乡村旅游村寨	17.61	13.83	0.79	凝聚分布