主管单位:中国科学技术协会
主办单位:中国地理学会
承办单位:华东师范大学

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15 June 2025, Volume 34 Issue 6 Previous Issue   
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Study on the evolutionary characteristics of international trade patterns between ASEAN and the regions along the New Western Land-Sea Corridor
Chunyang WANG, Yi YANG
2025, 34(6): 1-15.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2025.06.20240178
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Based on the commodity trade data between the 13 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) along the New Western Land-Sea Corridor and ASEAN from 2015 to 2022, this study employs five indicators to analyze the commodity trade patterns and evolutionary features between the regions along the New Western Land-Sea Corridor and ASEAN: the trade intensity index, the revealed comparative advantage index, the trade complementarity index, the Lawrence index, and the beneficiary index. The results show that: ① The total commodity trade volume between the regions along the New Western Land-Sea Corridor and ASEAN countries has consistently increased, accompanied by a growing trade surplus. Trade growth has expanded from the southwestern region to the northwestern region, with a widening radiation range. ②Guangxi, Sichuan, and Yunnan exhibit relatively high export dependence on ASEAN, while Chongqing, Guangxi, and Yunnan demonstrate relatively high import dependence on ASEAN. Throughout the study period, the export dependence of each region on ASEAN has slightly decreased, while import dependence has remained relatively stable. ③ The corridor regions demonstrate significant regional comparative advantages in the export of machinery and equipment, chemical products, and agricultural products, showcasing strong trade complementarity with ASEAN countries. ④Regarding the evolution of the commodity trade structure, the degree of structural change between the corridor regions and ASEAN countries has continuously diminished during the study period. Moreover, the export trade structure has evolved towards dynamic changes in import demand from ASEAN countries.

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The study on the international competitiveness of Saudi Arabia's crude oil export since the 21st century
Jiamin QIU, Yuan ZHAO, Xinyi MENG
2025, 34(6): 16-28.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2025.06.20240129
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Based on the four indicators of international market share, market penetration, revealed comparative advantage index and export contribution rate, a comprehensive evaluation index system for the international competitiveness of Saudi Arabia's crude oil export is constructed from 2000 to 2021 by applying the entropy method, and then the changes of the primary factor are analyzed by applying the factor contribution model. The results show that:①Over the past two decades, the comprehensive competitiveness of Saudi Arabia's crude oil export has shown fluctuating changes with small amplitude and large frequency, with diminishing stability.②The international competitiveness is mainly affected by the international crude oil supply and demand situation. Before 2014, international supply and demand for crude oil due to geopolitical factors were the key factors dominating changes in Saudi's competitiveness, but Saudi Arabia had a strong control and dominant role in the global energy market. After 2015, with the intensification of competition in the global energy market and the energy transition, Saudi Arabia's energy power continued to weaken, and the competitiveness of crude oil export also decreased significantly.③ In the long term, there is a downward trend in all four indicators; in the short term, the values for international market share and market penetration are expected to increase. ④Each of the primary factor has had a negative impact on overall competitiveness at different times. The revealed comparative advantage and the export contribution rate show a downward trend, which have made a large contribution, limiting the growth of competitiveness. And the two indicators of market share have the potential to be a source of growth for overall competitiveness. Finally, suggestions are put forward for the cooperation between Saudi Arabia and China.

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US think tanks' understanding of China's participation in Antarctic governance and its implications
Xueping LI, Zihan YANG
2025, 34(6): 29-41.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2025.06.20240300
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Under the strategic competition between China and the United States, the trend of the United States to contain China with polar affairs has intensified. Accurately examining the cognition of US think tanks on China's participation in Antarctic governance will help to gain insights into the US current strategic judgment and future decision-making direction, and thus provide references for China's correct response. This paper selects 13 representative papers from 8 US think tanks as samples and analyzes the main perceptions of US think tanks on China's participation in Antarctic governance and their characteristics, causes and impacts. This study shows that, based on many core issues of the current Antarctic governance, the US think tanks' understanding of China's participation in Antarctic governance are dominated by negative conclusions, reflecting the zero-sum game thinking of "interest-struggle" and the generalization and absolutization of American geo-security logic, and the misunderstanding and distortion of the facts. These negative perceptions will influence the decision-making of the US government and the attitudes of other participating countries, and affect the objectivity and impartiality of Antarctic governance. Based on above perceptions, this paper suggests that China should strengthen the study and judgment of the US think tanks on Antarctic-related issues, take a dialectical view of the cognition of US think tanks, promote the construction and dissemination of China's Antarctic discourse, and strengthen multi-level exchanges and cooperation to increase trust, so as to realize a powerful breakthrough toward the "China's Antarctica Threat".

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Research on the measurement of the development level of the Digital Silk Road and its convergence
Yuwen ZHENG, Weixian XUE
2025, 34(6): 42-55.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2025.06.20240115
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Based on the morphological attributes of the development of the Digital Silk Road, an indicator evaluation system is constructed to examine the development level of the Digital Silk Road from 2018 to 2022. A nonlinear time-varying factor model is used to test the club convergence phenomenon of the development level of the Digital Silk Road, and its formation mechanism is analyzed. The results show that: ① The overall development level of the Digital Silk Road is steadily increasing, but the spatial development is uneven.②There is no overall convergence trend in the development of the Digital Silk Road, but there are 3 potential convergence clubs among the 28 sample countries; Convergence Club I is mainly composed of countries connected by the China Central Asia West Asia Economic Corridor and the China Pakistan Economic Corridor, with the highest level of digital economic development. Convergence Club II is mainly composed of countries connected by the China Indochina Economic Corridor, with a high level of digital economic development. Convergence Club III is mainly composed of countries connected by the New Eurasian Continental Bridge Economic Corridor, with a relatively low level of digital economic development. Both the UK and Bangladesh have not joined any convergence clubs.③The initial conditions and regional policies are important reasons for forming a convergence club for the development level of the Digital Silk Road. However, geographical location only has a significant impact on the formation of convergence clubs for mobile phone subscriptions, and does not have a significant impact on the formation of convergence clubs for higher education enrollment rates. The results show that the construction of the Digital Silk Road will closely link countries at different levels of convergence clubs, promote the coordinated development of the digital economy of countries under joint construction, and is becoming an important engine for high-quality development of the Belt and Road in the digital economy era.

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Analysis on the evolution of international relations from the perspective of trade sanction networks
Min GAO, Xiaopu HAN, Xuemei LIU
2025, 34(6): 56-69.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2025.06.20240120
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In the unprecedented upheaval of the past century, trade sanctions have emerged as a coercive tool affecting international relations and trade dynamics. Based on global trade sanction data from 1950 to 2021, this article constructs trade sanction networks and international relationship networks. Through methods such as similarity analysis, cluster analysis, and network community detection, it systematically studies the evolution trends of international relations in the context of trade sanctions. The study revealed significant differences in the roles and target set trends among countries within the trade sanctions network. Based on these differences, countries can be categorized into two groups: One category, primarily comprising Western developed countries, tends to repeatedly initiate sanctions against relatively fixed target countries and plays a dominant role in sanction activities. The other category, primarily consisting of developing countries, tends to bear sanctions more passively. In the international relationship networks, a notable decline in community similarity is observed when considering the differences in years exceeding 29 years, indicating a potential lifespan of approximately 29 years for international relations patterns. Further exploration of the network structural similarity between international relations and international trade reveals a decreasing impact of international relations on international trade. Through the aforementioned research, we provide new insights into the evolution trends of international relations from the perspective of trade sanction networks.

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The coordination and cooperation mechanism in cross-border marine protected area governance: Practices in the Wadden Sea
Ping ZHANG, Fang YE
2025, 34(6): 70-82.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2025.06.20240103
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Marine protected areas based on marine ecosystems often cross administrative boundaries, which means they cannot rely solely on the efforts of a single country(region) and require regional coordination and cooperation. The coordination and cooperation mechanism is highly compatible with the governance of cross-border marine protected areas, and establishing a coordination and cooperation mechanism is an ideal choice to promote cross-border governance of marine protected areas. There are many coordination difficulties in cross-border marine protected areas at present, and it is necessary to construct a mutually dependent coordination and cooperation mechanism among governance entities, forming an effective operating system consisting of dynamic mechanisms, coordination mechanisms, and constraint mechanisms. The article introduced the experience of the Wadden Sea Conservation Area in coordinating and cooperating, and analyzed its specific strategies in cross-border coordination and cooperation in marine ecological governance. The Wadden Sea Area emphasizes trilateral coordination and cooperation among Denmark, Germany, and the Netherlands, forming a coordinated cooperation model driven by the protection of marine ecosystems, coordinated by organizations such as the Wadden Sea Committee, and constrained by a series of political cooperation tools..The cooperation of the Wadden Sea Area has gone through long-term exploration and adaptation by stakeholders, and has found a feasible, replicable, and effective path. It has important reference value in the future with an increasing number of cross-border ocean governance scenarios.

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Review on study of the effect of financial development on regional economic development from the perspective of geography
Xinchen LUAN, Wenwan JIN, Shengjun ZHU, Bofei YANG
2025, 34(6): 83-94.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2025.06.20230490
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Financial capability is crucial for a country's competitiveness, and the effect of financial development on regional economic development has been a key issue for scholars and regional policymakers. A large strand of literature in geography, economics, and finance has already focused on and studied the influence of financial development on regional economic development. In the context of high-quality development, regional coordinated development has posed new demands for the supportive role of financial development, and the advancement of information technology has brought significant changes in the spatial pattern of financial development. These factors have argued for a deeper understanding of the impact of financial development on regional economic development from a geographical perspective. This paper aims to review the existing research from a geographical perspective. This will help clarify the current state of research in relevant fields and give suggestions for future research. Utilizing a literature review approach, this paper gathered and combined existing studies. Then, based on the premise and mechanism of how financial development could shape regional development and how financial development influenced regional economic development through the agglomeration effect, spillover effect, and border effect. Finally, this paper identified some important research gaps and offered promising directions for future research.

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Analysis of supply chain collaboration and its influence mechanism on rural e-commerce development: The case of Yangtze River Delta region
Fan WANG, Mingfeng WANG, Juan LIN, Yinghao ZHANG, Aiping KUANG
2025, 34(6): 95-107.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2025.06.20240140
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As a hand in the revitalization of rural industries, e-commerce is an important link in the high-quality integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta region. Taking Taobao village as the research object, this paper adopts spatial analysis and zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis to explore the development trend of rural e-commerce integration in the Yangtze River Delta region and its supply chain foundation, and includes supply chain synergy as an important factor in the regression model to analyze the mechanism of e-commerce development. The results of the article show that: From the regional level, regional differences in the development of e-commerce in the Yangtze River Delta region have gradually widened, and there is still much room for improvement in integrated development. Comparing the supply chain environment in which Taobao Village is located, it can be seen that the supply chain environment for rural e-commerce development in the Yangtze River Delta region has structural differences, and the level of regional coordinated development of each link of the supply chain presents a situation of strong east and weak west. All links of the regional supply chain have a significant impact on the development of Taobao village, in which the development level of the production link has the most critical impact on the development of Taobao village, and the wholesale and logistics links have a more significant impact with the cooperation of the production link; and the level of coordinated development of the supply chain is the main factor influencing the integrated development of rural e-commerce in the Yangtze River Delta region.

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Spatial accessibility of medical resilience facilities in Shanghai
Qian BA, Ning DU, Yong LIU, Peng GAO, Dan HE
2025, 34(6): 108-119.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2025.06.20230547
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This paper attempts to combine the concept of "resilient city" with facilities such as gymnasiums and large exhibition centers that can be converted into temporary emergency hospitals, proposes the concept of "medical resilience facilities" in response to sudden public health crises, and further explores its spatial accessibility. Based on the existing experience of renovated temporary emergency hospitals, this study estimates the number of emergency medical beds that can be supplied by resilient facilities in Shanghai, and analyzes the accessibility results with kernel-density 2SFCA. The findings of the study show that: ① There are 36 resilient facilities in Shanghai, which can provide 4.5 emergency medical beds for every 1 000 people.② The scale of supply is greatly affected by the type of resilient facilities. The supply capacity of convention and exhibition centers and large sports centers is much higher than that of general gymnasiums. ③ Resilient facilities can cover 70%, 91%, and 97% of the city's demand points within 30 minutes, 45 minutes, and 60 minutes of travel time, respectively.④ The accessibility of resilient facilities has obvious spatial differentiation, showing typical "core-periphery" spatial structure. The accessibility value decreases from the core high-value area to the peripheral low-value area in a circular structure. The core high-value areas of accessibility are the central urban areas other than Yangpu District, the central and northern parts of Minhang District, the eastern part of Qingpu District, the northeastern part of Songjiang District and Chongming District.

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Evolutionary characteristics and driving factors of spatial patterns of interprovincial rural labour mobility in China
Zicheng LI, Jue WANG, Wenni WANG
2025, 34(6): 120-134.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2025.06.20230705
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Rural labor mobility is a crucial component in building China's "dual-circulation" development paradigm and serves as a key driver for advancing agricultural and rural modernization. Based on interprovincial rural labor migration data from 2006 to 2021 and China's modernization strategic goals for 2035 and 2050, this study employs a modified gravity model to construct an interprovincial rural labor flow matrix. Integrating social network analysis and grey prediction modeling, the findings are as follows: ① The spatial correlation intensity of interprovincial rural labor mobility in China has evolved from a "tripartite divergence" pattern toward a "bipolar divergence" configuration, with a trend toward eventual "monocentric" integration. Jiangsu and Anhui exhibit the highest spatial correlation intensity in rural labor flows.② The overall network density and network efficiency of interprovincial rural labor mobility show fluctuating growth, with network connectivity consistently at 1. The network hierarchy demonstrates a "stepwise" upward trend, though the stability of spatial correlation intensity requires reinforcement. Eastern coastal regions display higher in-degree centrality, serving as primary destinations for labor inflows, while most western provinces show higher out-degree centrality, functioning as source regions. Jiangxi and Guangdong exhibit both betweenness centrality and closeness centrality above the national average, playing pivotal "bridging" roles in cross-provincial labor mobility.③ Cohesive subgroup analysis reveals that with the gradual improvement of transportation infrastructure and labor markets, coupled with economic restructuring, the economic and geographical characteristics of China's interprovincial labor mobility spatial pattern have progressively weakened.④ Factors such as rural income disparities, R&D investment gaps, and fiscal agricultural expenditure difference exert significantly negative effects on the spatial correlation of interprovincial rural labor mobility. In contrast, land transfer variations, rural fixed asset investment differences, and industrial structure disparities demonstrate significantly positive impacts, whereas wage level and population size show no statistically significant influence.

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Study on the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and optimization path of industries in southwest border towns
Kexin WANG, Xurui GE, Honglian HUA, Cansong LI, Tao WANG, Jingfan QIAN
2025, 34(6): 135-148.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2025.06.20230089
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Promoting the industrial development is of great significance to optimize the opening pattern and promote the security, stability and prosperity of border areas. Taking the border towns in southwest Yunnan and Guangxi as examples, we explore the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and laws of border towns' industries, and industrial optimization paths by using the models of gray correlation and TOPSIS. It is found that: ① Import and export trade are the leading industry of Southwest border towns, supplemented by retail and tourism; and the output value shows an uneven spatial pattern, with Kunming and Nanning higher and the rest lower. ② The tertiary industries in southwest border towns grows faster than the primary and secondary industries, and the gap is obvious; and the local positive correlation is low. ③ The industries in southwest border towns should give priority to the development of import and export trade, tourism, retail trade and industry, with border trade as the dependent industry, tourism and retail trade as the strengthening industry, industry and forestry as the breakthrough industries, and agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery industry as the special industry. Based on the results of industrial selection in the two southwestern border provinces, the leading industrial development suggestions and localized measures are proposed according to the actual situation of border towns to provide reference and guidance for the revitalization of border towns.

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The mechanism of coordinated development between "Pollution and carbon reduction" and high-quality economic development under the "dual-carbon"target: A case study of China's coastal urban agglomerations
Xiaolong CHEN, Qianbin DI, Chenlu LIANG, Keqi CHEN, Zhiwen HOU
2025, 34(6): 149-163.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2025.06.20222458
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The coordinated development of " double carbon goal " and " double cycle strategy " are important starting point for realizing ecological green and low-carbon transformation, and high-quality economic development. Taking China 's coastal urban agglomerations as an example, the comprehensive index system of synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction and high-quality economic development is constructed respectively. The comprehensive evaluation model, coupling coordination degree model and GWTR model are used to measure the relationship and driving factors between synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction and high-quality economic development in China 's three coastal urban agglomerations from 2010 to 2019. The results show that : ① the comprehensive development level of pollution reduction and carbon reduction and high quality shows an overall growth trend; the overall level of synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction of Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration is better than Pearl River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. The overall level of comprehensive development among cities within the urban agglomeration is high, but the regional differences are significant. ② From the perspective of synergy, the coordination level entered into the primary coordination level during the study period, and finally evolved into the intermediate coordination level; the spatial characteristics are characterized by the development of cities with higher administrative levels such as municipalities and provincial capitals.③Government capacity, science and technology level, urbanization level and marketization level have an important impact on the coupling relationship, and spatial disturbance has a significant impact on the coupling coordination level of the two systems. The level of economic development is the main factor affecting the coupling and coordination between pollution reduction and carbon reduction and high-quality economic development. Strong scientific and technological capabilities promote the coordination between pollution reduction and carbon reduction and high-quality economic development in urban agglomerations year by year.

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Study on the interaction between land use transformation and efficiency of urban-rural integration development in border areas of China
Xin YANG, Rucheng LU, Caiping PANG, Shouyu MO, Liguo ZHANG
2025, 34(6): 164-180.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2025.06.20230647
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To scientifically analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of regional land use transformation, urban-rural integration development efficiency and their interaction, and to promote urban-rural integration and high-quality socio-economic development in a coordinated manner. This paper comprehensively uses nuclear density, super-efficiency SBM model and panel vector autoregressive model to explore the spatial and temporal pattern characteristics of land use transformation and urban-rural integration development efficiency in China's border areas from 2005 to 2020 and their relationship. The results show that: ①the objects of land use transformation in China's border areas are relatively fixed, mainly represented by the mutual transformation of grassland and unused land, and the level of land use recessive form continues to improve and presents a pattern of "high in northeast, north and southwest, low in central"; ②the overall change of Rural-urban integration development efficiency in the study area is relatively subtle and presents a pattern distribution of "high in the west, low in the east, high in the south and low in the north". The low efficiency area and the medium efficiency area are close to each other, and the distribution of the medium efficiency area and the high efficiency area is relatively scattered;③ the integrated development of urban and rural areas plays an obvious role in promoting the transformation and change of local land use. In order to achieve sound development in China's border areas and respond to the call for rural revitalization, it is necessary to focus on the integrated development of urban and rural areas in the region, rationalize the direction of rational transformation of land use, improve the degree of accurate land use, and cultivate new driving forces for social and economic development.

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Research on the water resources constraint effect and spatial association network for high-quality development of urbanization in the Yellow River Basin
Li CHEN, Wei YU, Xuebo ZHANG, Jinping SONG, Lizhi JIA
2025, 34(6): 181-194.  DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2025.06.20230674
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In this paper,the improved hierarchical analysis method based on entropy technology and the improved multi-objective fuzzy affiliation function were used to measure the water resource constraint effect of the high-quality development of urbanization in the Yellow River Basin from 2011 to 2020, and then its spatial correlation network characteristics were analyzed by using the modified gravity model and the social network analysis method. The study shows that: ① From 2011 to 2020, the water resources constraint effect shows an "inverted U"-shaped trend of change, and spatially exhibits the unbalanced characteristic of "upstream>middle reaches>downstream". ② The water resources constraint effect in the Yellow River Basin has gradually formed a complex network with the Ningxia Autonomous Region and the junction of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin as the double core, and the stability of the network structure has been gradually enhanced, but an obvious hierarchical structure has not yet been formed. ③ The city cluster of Central Plains is at the centre of the correlation network, the city cluster of Shandong Peninsula receives the spillover effect from other plates, and the city clusters of Jinzhong, Hubao, Eyu and Elm, Guanzhong Plain, Lanxi, and the city clusters along the Yellow River of Ningxia overflow in both directions, and they have the function of "regulating" in the network. Optimizing the spatial correlation network of water resources constraint effect is of great significance to reduce the regional water resources constraint effect and improve the quality of urbanization development.

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