As an important part of the country's overall diplomacy, the activation of city diplomacy's vitality and the integration of resources are of great significance to the comprehensive promotion of national strategies. To explore how to activate urban diplomatic vitality and better serve overall national diplomacy, 13,488 decentralized cooperation projects in French cities from 1945 to 2023 were selected as the research object, and descriptive and causal studies were conducted based on the perspective of multilevel governance theory, using software such as ArcGIS. The results show that: ① The evolution of French urban diplomacy can be divided into five stages over time: the exploration period, development period, golden period, stable period, and reform period, influenced by the four forces of "local-national-regional-global" interaction. ② The spatial distribution of French urban diplomacy serves its national overall diplomacy at different stages, demonstrating highly uneven characteristics. ③ In the interaction of "local-national-regional-global," French cities have gradually developed network-embedded hierarchical public-private partnership mechanisms that align with France's global influence level. Building upon the deficiencies of existing research, this paper aims to leverage the experience of French urban diplomacy to provide reference and inspiration for Chinese cities to step onto the diplomatic forefront, and effectively participate in and promote national strategy.

Adopting the classical analytical framework and research methodology of social embeddedness theory, the multilevel and mixed-effects model is constructed in five regions, using the economic geography-related indicators as the layer 1 variables, and the structural, cognitive, political, cultural and relational embeddedness as the layer 2 variables, measuring and comparing the types of social embeddedness between China and different regions along the Belt and Road. The results show that： ① The impact intensity of social factors on trade between China and the Belt and Road countries is higher than that of economic factors. Among them， structural and relational embeddedness will directly promote trade， cognitive embeddedness will directly inhibit trade， political and cultural embeddedness will not have a direct impact on trade. In addition to the direct impact， all five social embeddedness variables have an indirect impact on trade through the economic factors； ② The social embeddedness between China and five regions along the Belt and Road can be categorized into four types: The relationship-determined type(Southeast Asian), the structurally-determined type(Central Asia, Central and Eastern Europe), the structurally-dominated type(West Asia and North Africa), and the synergistic type(South Asia). Accordingly, it is suggested that when formulating trade policies for the Belt and Road, the impact of structural and relational embeddedness should be taken into account, and regional policies should be differentiated according to the type of social embeddedness.

ASEAN has adopted different management models for different regional conflicts. There are three modes of conflict management in ASEAN: silent management, normative advocacy management and power intervention management. The choice of conflict management modes in ASEAN is mainly influenced by two factors: the threat perception of vanguard states and the competitive intervention of great powers.When vanguard countries have weak awareness of the threat of conflict and the competitive involvement of major powers outside the region, ASEAN choose the silent management mode. When the threat perception of the vanguard ASEAN countries is strong and the competitive involvement of the major powers outside the region is weak, ASEAN tends to choose the normative and advocacy management model. When the vanguard countries of ASEAN have a strong threat perception and the competitive involvement of major powers outside the region, ASEAN choose the power intervention management mode. On the one hand, the exploration of this issue can enrich the theoretical research of ASEAN conflict management behavior, better analyze and master the model and law of ASEAN conflict management behavior, on the other hand, it helps to understand the laws of ASEAN in depth, so as to manage regional conflicts more effectively. Based on the above theoretical analysis, this paper conducts an empirical analysis of the behavioral patterns of ASEAN's conflict management by taking the 1975 East Timor conflict, the 2008 Thailand- Cambodia conflict, and the 1978 Cambodia conflict as examples.

The concept of temporality and the reconsideration of timehas gradually become recognized as an important perspective for human geographers to explore the human-environment relationship. This study analyzes the research process of "time" and "temporality" in Western human geography and points out the trends of socio-cultural turns in the study of time since the 21st century. Through theoretical and content analysis of the key topics on temporality like "rhythm and rhythanalysis" "politics of time" "temporality interaction between human and non-human subjects" and "past, present and future," this article finds that Western human geography pays attention to the discussion of social time, emphasizes the differences between the temporal dimension of space and the temporal perception of subjects, and begins to explore the temporal interactions between human and non-human subjects. This article argues the necessity of considering the temporality of human-environment relationships in discussion. It also advocates a comprehensive study of the "space-time-subjects" interaction and its overall effects. This article calls on geographical academia to strengthen the study of temporality, thereby further enhancing its contribution in enriching human geography knowledge. Based on the Western research progress and Chinese reality, this article proposes that the future research direction in China can focus on four aspects: temporal integration and change in the context of mobility, temporal changes and spatial effects in urban and rural areas, temporality research of home, and temporality interaction between human and non-human subjects.

Under the new wave of global talent mobility, facing the strategic task of accelerating the construction of a world-class talent center and building a strong talent nation, how China can better attract and retain talents has become one of the urgent issues of the present time. The premise for addressing this issue of the times is to clarify the laws of talent mobility. The study of the geography of talent mobility started early abroad. Its research themes, methods, frameworks, and contributions to talent policy formulation can provide valuable experience and reference for research of geography of talent mobility in China. This article focuses on the research progress and key concerns in the field of international talent mobility geography abroad, summarizing and comparing it with relevant domestic research. The research found that: ①The focus of foreign geography community on talent mobility has gradually added 'reverse brain drain' and 'brain circulation' under the perspective of competition and cooperation to 'brain drain' under the perspective of competition. The research theme gradually developed from the macroscopic perspective of scientific and technological competition among nations to the microscopic scale of individual characteristics of talents. In terms of research on the driving factors of talent mobility, the focus of foreign talent geography research has gradually shifted to exploring the social relationships and individual characteristics of talents, building upon the foundation of national/regional difference; ②The geographical research on domestic talent mobility is highly practical and policy-oriented, focusing mainly on talent mobility patterns and driving factors within China. The talents involved are mainly top academic talents or a wider range of highly educated labor force. The purpose of research on domestic talent mobility is mainly to reveal the direction and causes of talent mobility and to propose relevant policies to attract/retain talents. Compared with foreign literature, there are still many deficiencies and unfinished aspects in the academic research on talent mobility in China. In this regard, the article finally proposes the main direction for future research in talent mobility within the field of Chinese talent geography.

In recent years, with the continuous development and extension of the meaning and scope of blue carbon captured by marine organisms, the importance of blue carbon protection has attracted widespread attention from the international community. The ocean is the largest carbon pool on Earth. The Southern Ocean absorbs 40% of the global marine carbon dioxide, and is forming the world's largest blue carbon sink. It is a key region in the global effort to achieve carbon neutrality and address climate change. Through preliminary analysis of the mechanism of Antarctic blue carbon cycle, three important pathways for the formation of Antarctic blue carbon are found, including sea ice melting, ice shelf calving and glacier retreat, which would further stimulate the potential of Antarctic blue carbon to cope with global climate change. Based on the international law framework of the Paris Agreement and the Antarctic Treaty System, it is proposed to realize the protection of Antarctic blue carbon through the establishment of Non-Market Approach framework, Antarctic Specially Protected Area, and Antarctic Marine Protected Area. However, there are many governance dilemmas to be faced from international law, scientific evidence, economic rights and geopolitics. Therefore, it is suggested that China should strengthen the research on key scientific issues, participate in the formulation of rules, establish the system of Antarctic protected areas, promote international cooperation, and eventually build an all-dimensional, multi-layered and multi-dimensional protection system for Antarctic blue carbon based on the framework of international law.

The study analyzes the Arctic policy documents of Arctic nations, Arctic Council observer states, and the European Union from 2008 to 2024, employing word frequency analysis, cluster analysis, and socio-semantic network analysis to identify the focal points and common concepts across these documents. The results shows: ① "cooperation" "environment" "development" and "economy" are central themes in Arctic policies.② Arctic strategies can be broadly categorized into three phases: the initial exploration period (2008-2013), the period of deepened exchanges (2014-2018), and the period of comprehensive optimization (2019-2024). Throughout these phases, common concepts have emerged, supporting the development of Arctic regions. Key trends include: Nations maintaining a dual approach of competition and cooperation, especially in "low-politics" areas; A growing emphasis on scientific research, with an increasing advocacy for collaborative research sharing mechanisms; Economic objectives being central to national interests, particularly regarding the development of Arctic resources and shipping routes; Prioritization of environmental protection and sustainable development in the Arctic region; And a shared commitment to strengthening responses to new threats and mitigating potential security risks. ③ The Arctic strategies of various countries are marked by evolving cooperation pathways, a shift in security paradigms driven by strategic cognition, the refinement of policy frameworks with a multi-dimensional and systematic approach, and the enhancement of rapid response capabilities to safeguard national interests while shouldering global responsibilities.

Narrowing the urban-rural income gap is a key measure to realize the long-cherished aspiration of common prosperity. One of the important features of the new-type urbanization is the overall coordination between urban and rural areas. Based on the inter-provincial panel data of China from 2011 to 2021, The paper empirically analyzes the impact of new-type urbanization on the urban-rural income gap by using panel data of provinces in China from 2013 to 2021. ①The result shows that the development of new-type urbanization is conducive to inhibiting the expansion of urban-rural income gap, and the conclusion is robust. ②Mechanism analysis shows that the upgrading of industrial structure and the improvement of technological innovation brought about by the construction of new-type urbanization have played an important role in alleviating the urban-rural income gap. ③Heterogeneity analysis shows that there is an intensity difference of "western >central >eastern>northeastern" in the impact of new-type urbanization on the urban-rural income gap. ④It is further found that digital economy and new-type urbanization have substitution effects in alleviating the urban-rural income gap, that is, in areas with low development level of digital economy, new-type urbanization has a more prominent positive role in inhibiting the expansion of urban-rural income gap. This study provides decision-making reference for the country to continuously promote the new-type urbanization strategy, implement the differentiated development strategy, and accelerate the construction of digital China, in order to promote the realization of common prosperity.

The cross-border flow of technological innovation spillover is shaping the global innovation pattern in the profound changes unseen in a century, and effective absorption of spillover has increasingly become a key way to enhance innovation strength. Based on the 9 763 citations of Hong Kong patents in the Chinese mainland, the evolution process and mechanism of the cross-border technological innovation spillover network from Hong Kong to the Chinese mainland were studied by using social network analysis method and correlation regression analysis method. The conclusions of the study include: ① The spillover timing evolution of cross-border technological innovation from Hong Kong to the Chinese mainland has the characteristics of time lag, and the spillover peak occurs in the patent application for about 2 years, and then the number of patents cited is decreasing in a stepwise manner. ② The scope of cross-border technological innovation spillover areas from Hong Kong to the Chinese mainland has gradually increased, and the overall trend is expanding from southeast to northwest, the average geographical distance of spillover is 1313.19km, but the spatial distribution is uneven, with regional hierarchical levels and spatial heterogeneity, and the "Matthew effect" of "more east and west, more south and less north" is obvious. ③ The breadth and depth of the cross-border technological innovation spillover network from Hong Kong to the Chinese mainland continue to expand. The individual network is characterized by a "small world" of "large dispersion and small aggregation", the opportunity space for the establishment of spillover relationship among subjects increases. The evolution process of network is affected by the comprehensive effect of multidimensional proximity such as economic proximity, relationship proximity, the influence of organizational proximity and technological proximity, and geographical proximity and forward technology potential difference on network evolution is not obvious.

Under the guidance of "people-oriented" urban development, it is of great significance to identify the spatial distribution of community vitality and formulate measures for vibrant communities, further meeting residents' "needs of a better life". Therefore, to evaluate community vitality, this study constructed a comprehensive framework from the dimensions of physical environment, neighborhood environment, and population agglomeration. Then, this study integrated building models, population heatmaps, POI, and other urban spatial big data to quantify the distribution of community vitality at a fine scale. The results show that community vitality in Chongqing presents a polycentric and cluster pattern and the vitality decreases from the core area to the surrounding area with a gradient. In addition, vibrant communities concentrate in the main/sub-centers and urban clusters, whereas the newly built-up cluster exerts only low vitality. Factors such as POI density, population, and plot ratio are the main contributors to community vitality. Further, community vitality in Chongqing is influenced by the complex landform in mountainous terrain. The comprehensive framework based on multiple dimensions and the utilization of urban spatial big data has good generalizability. More importantly, the effective identification of areas with low community vitality provides a reference for targeted measures for vitality enhancement and quality improvement strategies.

As the core of modern industrial system, manufacturing industry is an important driving force for national economic growth. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces (municipalities) in China from 2005 to 2019, this study uses exploratory spatio-temporal data Analysis, spatial Durbin model and other methods to explore the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of carbon emissions in China's provincial manufacturing industry. The results show that ① From 2005 to 2019， manufacturing carbon emissions showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing， and the spatial agglomeration and differentiation of manufacturing carbon emissions were obvious， showing a gradually decreasing distribution pattern from southeast to northwest.② In terms of the spatial structure and dependence direction of manufacturing carbon emissions， the spatial structure of manufacturing carbon emissions in northeast China is more dynamic， but the spatial dependence direction is not stable， while the spatial structure and dependence direction of manufacturing carbon emissions in western China are relatively stable. The spatio-temporal transition of carbon emissions in manufacturing industry has certain spatial dependence and transfer inertia， and its spatio-temporal network pattern is mainly positive correlation， and most provinces have win-win cooperation.③The proportion of coal consumption in total energy， urbanization rate， total output value of manufacturing industry and per capita GDP have significant positive effects on manufacturing carbon emissions， while the proportion of foreign direct investment in GDP has significant negative effects on manufacturing carbon emissions. Various influencing factors have a certain heterogeneity in manufacturing carbon emissions in different provinces and industries with different transition types. Compared with low-carbon industries and type III provinces, high-carbon industries and manufacturing industries in type I and II provinces have a more significant impact on carbon emissions.The study provides countermeasures and suggestions for the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing industry and carbon emission reduction from the aspects of giving full play to regional advantages and strengthening collaborative cooperation.

Information & communication technologies(ICTs) and regional innovation capabilities(RICs) have a very close relationship.It is necessary to describe the spatio-temporal relationship between ICTs and RICs from the perspective of spatial econometric analysis.In this study, the authors use the factor analysis method, spatial auto-correlation analysis, geographic detector and other quantitative research methods and spatial analysis to deeply explore the spatio-temporal correlations between the ICTs level and RICs and the factors influencing technological innovation capability in Guangdong Province at city-level. There are four main conclusions from this research: ①In general, the informationization level and technological innovation capability in Guangdong Province show an overall enhancement, but the internal imbalance is large.②In terms of spatial correlation, there is a significant positive spatial correlation between informatization level and technological innovation capability in Guangdong Province, with "HH" clusters and "LL" clusters as the main ones.③There is a spatial diffusion effect of informationization level and technological innovation capability in Guangdong Province, but the diffusion effect only occurs in local regions. ④from the perspective of influencing factors, the level of informatization has a promoting effect on the difference of scientific and technological innovation ability in Guangdong Province, and the level of economic development, industrial base, human capital, R&D investment, education level and urbanization level can affect regional innovation ability by improving the level of informatization.

Scientific and technological talents are the most important component of national scientific and technological innovation resources. Reasonable and orderly talent distribution is related to the achievement of China's innovative national strategic goals and is crucial for promoting the development of new quality productivity. This article establishes a multidimensional analysis framework for talent mobility, using spatial statistical analysis and geographic detectors to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of the flow of science and technology talents in Chinese cities and the spatial heterogeneity of their influencing factors. The research results found that: ①The scale distribution of scientific and technological talents shows extreme imbalance, and western cities show an unstable weakening trend.②There is a significant gap in the distribution density of scientific and technological talents between the eastern, central, and western cities, and there is a trend of expansion, forming a distribution pattern of "strong in the east and weak in the west" and centered around the five major urban agglomerations. ③The flow of scientific and technological talents shows a significant positive spatial autocorrelation. The inflow areas of scientific and technological talents composed of high high agglomeration cities and the outflow areas of talents composed of low low agglomeration cities are having a homogenized impact on their neighboring cities, while the "center periphery" talent aggregation pattern constructed by some provincial capitals and core cities in the west is facing disintegration. ④The spatial and temporal pattern of the flow of technological talents is the result of multiple factors working together. Among them, the factors that have a significant impact are career demand, innovation environment, and R&D investment. There is a significant dual factor enhancement effect among the influencing factors, but the interaction between the influencing factors in each dimension varies greatly. The study reveals the spatiotemporal pattern of the flow of scientific and technological talents and their relationship with the "four in one" talent flow mechanism, providing theoretical and empirical basis for promoting the rational and orderly formulation of urban scientific and technological talent policies.