Rice, as one of the main grains, occupies an important position in global food security. Based on FAOSTAT global rice trade data, using spatial analysis methods and regression models, this paper aims to measure and analyze the spatial pattern of global rice trade and its influencing factors from 2010 to 2021 The results show that: (1) The global rice trade has formed a spatial pattern with East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia as the core layer, West Asia, East Africa, South Africa, and Oceania as the second layer, and Europe, North Africa, West Africa, South America, and North America as the third layer, presenting an obvious core-edge hierarchical decline. (2) The spatial pattern of global rice trade is relatively stable, and the super position in the super core area is still strengthening. (3) The formation of the spatial pattern of the global rice trade is the result of the joint action of natural and human factors, of which population size and consumption habits are the dominant factors affecting the pattern of global rice trade. The research findings have important theoretical basis and practical reference for relevant countries or regions to formulate food import and export trade policies and maintain food security.

The outbreak of geopolitical conflicts such as the war in the Middle East, the 9/11 terrorist attacks and the Russia-Ukraine conflict have led to a sharp rise in global geopolitical risks, which in turn have generated geopolitical risk spillovers between countries or regions and exacerbated the crisis of geopolitical risk contagion at the international level. Identifying the level of global geopolitical risk contagion and its contagion path has become an important task for countries to prevent external risk contagion and maintain national security. In order to study the size of the global geopolitical risk spillover level and the direction of spillover, We based on the monthly geopolitical risk indices of 43 countries or regions around the world from 1985 to 2022, combines the volatility spillover index model with the social network analysis method, constructs a global geopolitical risk spillover network and analyzes its network characteristics, and further introduces the volatility spillover index model with time-varying parameters ( TVP-VAR-DY) and quantile volatility spillover index model (QVAR-DY) are further introduced to analyze the spillover effect and its risk contagion network. The results of the study show that: First, systemic geopolitical risk is high from an overall perspective, and the spillover effect of geopolitical risk among countries or regions around the globe is obvious; Second, the United States and Germany are at the center of the spatial spillover network of geopolitical risk; Third, the spillover network varies among different levels of development and different geographic locations under the time-varying perspective; Fourth, under the quartile perspective, Brazil is the recipient of risk volatility spillover at low quantiles, while China is the recipient of risk volatility spillover at high quantiles; Fifth, under the time-frequency perspective, geopolitical risk spillovers vary under different cycles. The above empirical findings, in the context of China's specific realities, provide useful insights for China in preventing geopolitical risks.

The change in geopolitical patterns triggered by the Russia-Ukraine conflict has posed a huge challenge to Europe. From the perspective of energy security, this study uses data from the monthly energy trade and GDELT(Global Database of Events) to investigate the short-term response to the geopolitical conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The results show that, from March to July 2022, the European energy reliance rate on Russia has reduced from 31.3% to 22.1%, implying that Russia declined in importance due to cuts in Russian oil and natural gas imports. In addition, this war produced different influences on different European countries, with an obvious "core- peripheral" spatial pattern, indicating that Eastern Europe faces greater energy security risks than Western Europe. During the war, the overall Herfindahl index of Europe is still as high as 0.39, showing an over-concentration of energy supply, indicating that a potential risk to Europe's energy accessibility remains. Meanwhile, despite a rise of only 9% in energy imports, there was a 124% year-on-year rise in energy expenditure, which caused considerable concern about energy affordability. Findings in this study can be used to construct emergency management mechanisms for sudden changes in the short-term energy geopolitical pattern, and also provide policymakers with suggestions for long-term energy security and renewable energy transition.

After the Cold War, the rise of China's power has caused the strategic adjustment of the United States and its Asia-Pacific allies to China, and the direction of adjustment is different. By constructing the analysis frame of alliance strategic coupling effect, this paper outlines the general outline of the strategic adjustment process of US Asia-Pacific allies to China. In other words, according to the evaluation results of the strategic costs and benefits of China under the influence of the current situation of strategic coupling, the Asia-Pacific allies of the United States adjust the effect of its strategic coupling with the United States and form the result of its strategic adjustment to China. Taking the Philippines and Australia as examples, this paper verifies the research hypothesis by analyzing the strategic adjustments to China of the Aquino III, Duterte, Turnbull and Morrison governments. The research shows that the matching degree of the strategic costs and benefits of the Asia-Pacific allies to China affects the adjustment of their strategic coupling with the United States, and then determines the direction of the strategic adjustment of the Asia-Pacific allies to China. Therefore, China should reasonably evaluate the cost and benefit status of the US Asia-Pacific allies' China strategy, increase the cost of their strategic adjustment to China and reduce the impact of strategic coupling on expected benefits, so as to guide them to adjust their friendly strategy to China.

The pandemic of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has had a huge impact on the global tourism industry. The tourism industry had been growing rapidly in Africa before the pandemic. So, the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the tourism industry in Africa has attracted a lot of attention from academics, but the existing studies have seldom explored it from a comprehensive and holistic perspective. Based on the collation of relevant information, the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the tourism industry in Africa is comprehensively analyzed based on the path of the impact of such public health events on the tourism industry. Utilizing ArcGIS visualization, we analyze regional spatial and temporal variations in international tourism numbers and receipts for Northern, Eastern, and Southern Africa, as well as for Egypt, Mauritius, Ghana, and South Africa, providing a nuanced understanding of this impact process. The findings indicate that international tourism arrivals and receipts in Africa declined significantly in 2020. However, regional analysis shows that the COVID-19 epidemic did not alter the existing spatial patterns of international tourism numbers and receipts. Country case studies at the micro level reveal that African countries have implemented various economic measures to revive tourism amid the epidemic's impact. In the post-epidemic era, African nations should seize opportunities to actively expand the tourism market, promote development, monitor new changes in the tourism sector, and adapt to emerging trends in recovery and growth.

Based on the China Knowledge Network Database (CNKI) and Web of Science Core Database (WoS), using CiteSpace and Vosviewer to visualize the domestic and international Arab geography research from 1983 to 2023, systematically sorting out and analyzing the characteristics of Arab geography research, and proposing the research paradigm, research fields and disciplinary intersections of Arabic Regional Geography based on the idea of the community with a shared future of mankind. The results are as follows. (1) The amount of articles published on Arab geography research has shown an upward trend in recent years.And there are far more foreign authors engaged in Arab geography research than domestic authors, and close cooperation links are common between many foreign research institutes; (2) Chinese journals that have published articles on Arab geography research mainly include Secondary School Geography Teaching Reference, Geography of Arid Zones, and Humanistic Geography of Foreign Countries, etc. English journals include Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, Remote Sensing and Quaternary International, etc.; (3) France ranks first in terms of the number of articles published, Japan has the largest intermediary centrality, and Morocco is the only country that ranks in the top 10 in terms of both the number of articles published and intermediary centrality. (4) The main keywords in the Chinese literature are "geo-environment", "ecological environment", "international tourism", etc.The main keywords in the English literature are "climate change", "remote sensing", "biogeography, etc; (5) Based on the research paradigm of "process-pattern-mechanism" in geography, and taking the construction of Arab community of destiny for the new era as a link, the focus areas of Arab regional and country-specific geography research highlights globalization, regionalization and localization, and innovate the collaborative innovation mechanism of interdisciplinary community, as well as the innovation mechanism of cross-disciplinary community.

With the unprecedented intensification of technological innovation, innovative elements are constantly gathering, and several innovation hubs are emerging. The spatial pattern of China's regional innovation hubs has become an essential topic in theory and practice. Based on the data from high-tech enterprises, this paper attempts to identify the spatial pattern of China's existing regional innovation hubs by comprehensively using the DO index and natural break point method. The findings show that: (1) The spatial pattern of comprehensive innovation hubs and service innovation hubs is highly overlapping, forming a "three-legged tripod" spatial pattern in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei city clusters. (2) The manufacturing innovation hubs have formed a "two-pole" pattern dominated by the Yangtze River Delta city clusters and the Pearl River Delta city clusters. (3) The innovative elements in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta exhibit a high-high agglomeration feature, while other areas still mainly exhibit a high-low agglomeration, and the overall national innovation level still needs to be improved. (4) Considering all three types of innovation hubs, the network of innovation hubs composed of provincial central cities has taken shape, and the three major city clusters are the core nodes of the innovation highland network.

It is of great significance to master the dynamic changes and influencing factors of the temporal and spatial thermal dynamics of the urban population at night-time for the prosperity of urban night-time economy and the promotion of urban management. However, the current authoritative census data is still faced with the bottleneck that it is difficult to track the night-time thermal changes of the urban population in real-time, but the continuous exploration of urban multi-source big data in recent years provides a possibility to break through the above bottleneck. Based on multi-source big data such as the Baidu population heat map, Luojia (LJ1-01) luminous remote sensing and urban Point of Interest (POI), and taking six megacities of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chengdu and Wuhan as case areas, the population heat characteristics of these six cities during 20:00-20:30 were calculated by constructing a population heat model at night-time. Furthermore, the factors affecting the night-time heat characteristics of the population in the case area are analyzed using a geographical detector and geographical weighted regression method. The results show that: (1) the night-time heat distribution of the population in megacities is basically the same as the spatial distribution of main roads, which mainly presents three types: "core-edge" gradient decline, "one-core multi-center" contiguous distribution and "group-type" scattered distribution; (2) Compared with the resident population, the night-time heat scale of urban population is smaller, accounting for only about 0.416‰ of the resident population on average, and nearly 47% of the population gathers in the medium heat area at night-time. (3) The mixing degree of urban land use, commercial activity and road accessibility are the main factors affecting the night-time heat of the urban population, but the influence degree varies in different cities and regions. The results of this study have practical significance for the formulation of night-time consumption policies and also provide reference for future urban night-time construction.

Using multi-temporal GF-2 imagery and meteorological, soil, and socio-economic data, we analyzed the changes in ecological assets and the dominant factors in Maogang town in 2017, 2019, and 2022 by accounting for the area, quality, and ecological service value. Results show that: (1) From 2017 to 2022, towns of the research area continued expanding, while forest ecosystem area and quality decreased before land reclamation. After land consolidation from 2019 to 2022, forest ecosystem area and quality were restored. Analyzed by the Eco-Asset Composite Index,Maogang's Ecological Asset Composite Index was 49.54 in 2017, 46.26 in 2019, and 50.38 in 2022, Maogang's Eco-Asset Composite Index decreased and then increased. (2) The ecological service value (ESV) of Maogang decreased from $4.9062 billion in 2017 to $4.5597 billion in 2019 before the land consolidation was carried out. After land consolidation is carried out, ESV increases to $4.9337 billion in 2022, of which the ESV of villages in key areas of land consolidation increases by 10.80%, and the ESV of villages in non-key areas of land consolidation increases by 7.23%. This reveals that the land consolidation measures have brought about a certain degree of ecological and economic effectiveness.(3) CP, POP, GDP, Slope, and DEM have a negative correlation with ESV, and PRE shows a positive correlation with ESV. Socio-economic factors CP, POP, and GDP have a more significant influence on ESV compared to natural factors, indicating that the intensity of human activities has a more obvious influence on the change of ecological assets compared to natural factors.

This paper systematically combs the related achievements of space research, based on the differences in disciplinary perspectives, and traces back the space research vein of philosophy, sociology, and geography, this paper makes a distinction between empiricism, pragmatism,and criticism, and probes into the knowledge pedigree of space research. The fuzziness of the concept, especially the confusion about the use of the concept of "Space", is an important problem in the study of space theory, in the context of the "Spatial turn" in humanities and social sciences and the "Social turn" and the "Cultural Nothing in Common" in geography, the exploration of geography breaks the single thinking pattern of space research, and the analysis frame of "Time-space-society (or attribute)" has become the most powerful analysis tool to explain geographical phenomena and construct geographical order. The imagination of geography is fundamentally reshaped through the intersection and collision of disciplines. Through the analysis of knowledge archaeology of "space", this study reveals the internal process and logic of the evolution of space research in the ontological sense, which can establish a platform for dialogue and exchange for interdisciplinary research on space problems, and also provide a useful mirror for the self-reflection and critical reflection of the current geography discipline.

Virtual tourism network attention is an important reflection of the influence of virtual tourism. Based on the Baidu index of virtual tourism in 31 provinces (cities and districts) in China, this study uses the seasonal concentration index, geographic concentration index, variation coefficient, primacy degree and geographic detector to analyze the spatial-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of network attention of virtual tourism. The results show that :(1) on the whole, the attention of virtual tourism networks shows a steady development trend, reaching a peak in 2016 and the second small peak in 2020. The seasonal variation of virtual tourism network attention is large. March, April, May, June and October are the peak seasons of virtual tourism network search. The public tends to pay more attention to virtual tourism in spring and autumn, and the seasonal and inter-annual differences are further expanding. (2) From the perspective of overall spatial evolution, the spatial evolution pattern of attention in virtual tourism networks is relatively stable, presenting an obvious distribution characteristic of "Hu Line". From the regional point of view, the attention of virtual tourism networks shows a trend of decreasing from east to middle to west. The spatial distribution difference of attention in virtual tourism networks is the largest in the western region, and the eastern and central regions are relatively balanced. The difference has a narrowing trend in the eastern region, and a further widening trend in the central and western regions. (3) The level of virtual tourism network attention is influenced by the level of economic development, population size, education development, tourism development and network development. Among them, the level of tourism development has a certain explanatory power to the difference of attention, but it is not a strong factor. In addition, policy support, typical virtual tourism projects and hot events will also affect the attention of the virtual tourism network.

Taking the traditional villages and intangible cultural heritage in Jinsha River Basin as the research object, this paper analyzes the spatial connectivity pattern of the two by using the nearest neighbor index, kernel density estimation, grey correlation model and landscape spatial correlation index, and then puts forward the idea strategy of integrated development from the holistic perspective. The research shows that the traditional villages in the Jinsha River Basin and the intangible cultural heritage are closely complementary in function, overlapping and compound in space. Based on the three dimensions of spatial structure, spatial distribution and spatial relationship, the spatial pattern of the two is examined, which is manifested as the connectivity pattern of "significant spatial structure difference, obvious spatial distribution agglomeration and close spatial relationship", which naturally has the advantages of integrated construction and linkage integrated development. Based on this, on the basis of the coordination and connection of the two geospatial spaces, taking the "tourism +" integrated development as the foothold, based on the "human-land-industry" integrated industrial ecological cognition, the integrated development strategy of "alliance subject promotion + factor space reconstruction + characteristic industry development" is formed, and the spatial diffusion effect of "point string line and surface networking" is brought into play, in order to promote the integration and resource agglomeration of traditional villages and intangible cultural heritage elements in the Jinsha River Basin, and take the development of characteristic industry model as the theme to help the high-quality development of regional cultural tourism industry and comprehensively promote rural revitalization.

Under the construction of rapid transportation, Xinjiang, a Northwest China, endowed with its unique resources has developed rapidly in the tourism industry. Analyzing the structure of the tourism flow network is of great significance for the subsequent improvement of the regional transportation network and identifying and evaluating the location advantages and development potential of scenic spots. Taking Xinjiang 4A and 5A high-grade scenic spots as the research objects, with the help of GIS spatial analysis technology, the raster cost distance method and network analysis method were comprehensively used to calculate the overall average travel time in Xinjiang accurately, and the time circle of scenic spots was visualized. At the same time, the social network analysis module of Gephi and Ucinet software was used to describe the spatial layout of the tourism flow network, and the coupling coordination model was used to explore its coupling association with accessibility. The results showed that: (1)The spatial difference in accessibility of scenic spots is significant and the level is not high, and the overall view is strong in northern Xinjiang and weak in southern Xinjiang, which coincides with the distribution of irregular "well" shaped high-grade transportation network, and has obvious traffic directionality. (2)The isochronous circles are represented by an irregular annular structure centered on Urumqi City, exhibiting a pattern of distance decay. (3)The tourism flow network of 4A and 5A scenic spots in Xinjiang is generally large, but the network accessibility is good, the cohesion is relatively strong, and the overall performance is core-edge characteristics. (4)The core position of 5A-level scenic spots is prominent, with a strong radiation driving effect, undertaking the main agglomeration and diffusion functions, and forming a tour mode of "one 5A core scenic spot + several 4A-level scenic spots". (5)The coupling level of traffic accessibility and tourism flow in Xinjiang is generally low, and most scenic spots in the tourism flow network are within the 6h isochronous circle. Infrastructure construction such as transportation around most 5A-level scenic spots in Xinjiang should be strengthened to further improve the level of actual accessibility; It is common for 4A-level scenic spots to lag behind the actual accessibility level of tourism circulation.