With the deepening of China-Africa cooperation, China's direct investment in Africa(OFDI), as a "blood-forming" financing model, is becoming a new direction for China-Africa poverty reduction cooperation. By constructing a multidimensional relative poverty indicator for Africa, the study utilizes data from 49 African countries from 2005 to 2022, and empirically analyzes it using fixed effects and spatial econometric models. The study finds that China's OFDI can significantly reduce Africa's multidimensional relative poverty index and has a poverty reduction effect, and the improvement of Africa's policy and institutional level can enhance this effect. The threshold effect shows that there is a non-linear relationship between China's OFDI and poverty reduction in Africa, and its marginal poverty reduction effect decreases or even disappears when OFDI increases to a certain threshold. However, when African countries' external debt exceeds a certain threshold, the poverty reduction effect of China's OFDI increases. The spatial spillover effect suggests that the poverty reduction effect of China's OFDI is not only limited to the host country, but also positively affects the neighboring countries through spatial correlation. Heterogeneity analysis further indicates that the poverty reduction effect of China's OFDI varies significantly across geographic locations, income levels, poverty levels, OFDI-seeking motivations, and the construction of industrial parks. Finally, optimizing China's OFDI strategy around investment and poverty reduction cooperation will not only help China's enterprises go global and add new momentum to its economy, but also deepen China-Africa cooperation and build a high-standard China-Africa community with a shared future.

As competition among major powers in the Indo-Pacific region intensifies, driven by their own strategic objectives and Indo-Pacific demands, and influenced by China's increasing influence in the Indo-Pacific and the external pressure of the US Indo-Pacific "Alliances and Partnership", France and Australia are gradually engaging in Indo-Pacific security cooperation. The Indo-Pacific security cooperation between France and Australia is characterized by increasingly sophisticated mechanisms, continuously improving military integration, rising importance of non-traditional security cooperation, and the sinking of cooperation levels to "sub-regional" levels. Indo-Pacific security cooperation to some extent restores bilateral relations between France and Australia and lays the foundation for deepening regional coordination in the Indo-Pacific for both countries. However, the security cooperation between the two countries will still face internal challenges such as the difficulty of rebuilding strategic mutual trust, differences in strategic demands and strategic priorities, as well as external pressures that hinder cooperation due to different relationships with the Indo-Pacific "Alliances and Partnership" system. Overall, France and Australia deepening Indo-Pacific security cooperation will strengthen the United States' Indo-Pacific alliance system, exacerbate the complexity and uncertainty of the Indo-Pacific security situation, and thereby pose challenges to China's national interests and regional security.

As a globally significant strategic region, the security issues in the Horn of Africa are particularly prominent. Refugee issues not only constrain the construction of domestic security environments in individual countries but also influence international relations through intricate interaction mechanisms. This study utilizes refugee movement datasets released by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and interstate conflict event data from the Global Database of Events, Language, and Tone (GDELT). By integrating methodologies including social network analysis, spatial centroid coupling, and Quadratic Assignment Procedure (QAP) regression, we systematically examine the evolving patterns of refugee flows and regional geopolitical conflicts in the Horn of Africa from 1980 to 2023, with a focus on their interactive dynamics. Key findings include: ① A significant spatial coupling exists between refugee movements and geopolitical conflicts in the region, characterized by synchronized shifts in their spatial centroids, with this spatial correlation intensifying notably since the 21st century. ② QAP regression results demonstrate that refugee flows among Horn of Africa nations exert a statistically significant positive impact on geopolitical conflicts, with the magnitude of this influence deepening over time. ③ A bidirectional interaction emerges between refugee flows and conflicts, forming a vicious cycle of "conflict-generated refugees" exacerbating "refugee-fueled conflicts." This research explores issues pertinent to peace, development, and governance in the Horn of Africa, providing empirical insights relevant to China-Africa cooperation and the Belt and Road Initiative.

Ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education (SDG4) is one of the important goals of the United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and educational aid to Africa is an important area of China's aid to Africa, and the study of its spatial pattern and influencing factors can help optimize the spatial allocation of China's educational aid to Africa. Based on AidData and PRIO-GRID databases, we analyze the spatial characteristics of 532 Chinese aid to African education projects and their influencing factors from 2000 to 2014 by comprehensively applying the research methods of nearest neighbor index, kernel density estimation, spatial autocorrelation and geodetector. The results show that: ① China's educational aid programs to Africa show the distribution characteristics of more in the south and less in the north, more in the coast and less in the inland, with significant spatial clustering characteristics, and the degree of clustering gradually increases over time. ② The distribution of the kernel density of China's educational aid programs to Africa vary significantly at different stages. ③ China's educational aid to Africa hot spots are mainly in the southern region of Africa, and the degree of hot and cold imbalance has increased with the passage of time. ④ There are differences in the degree and significance of the influence of different factors on the spatial pattern of China's educational aid to Africa, and the role of geographic factors has become more and more important with the passage of time. China's education aid to Africa should give full play to the radiation-driven role of the core area, pay more attention to the demand orientation of the recipient countries, strengthen the tripartite cooperation in the field of education aid, and take into full consideration the role of multifactorial interactions in the distribution of China's foreign education aid, so as to optimize the spatial pattern of China's education aid to Africa and to promote its high-quality development.

This article focuses on the degree of an economy's export development pattern, which refers to the referentiality of an economy's export development pattern in promoting economic development in other economies. It proposes a set of metrics that leverage time-series similarity analysis to measure this degree from various perspectives and to explain economic development of economies. Using international trade data that covers 217 economies and 96 product categories, we employ relative comparative advantage as the measure of export advantage of an economy in each product category, owing to its better comparability. And then the export development paths of each economy are constructed based on the series of relative comparative advantage over the years. Subsequently, we calculate the similarity in export development paths between economies. By setting each economy as the benchmark economy in turn, regression analysis is used to explore the relationship between the similarity in export development paths relative to the benchmark economy and the economic growth rate of other economies. The degree of the benchmark economy's export development pattern is then measured based on coefficient of determination and regression coefficients derived from the regression analysis. For some benchmark economies, the economic growth rates of other economies can be accurately explained by the similarity in their export development paths. The metric measuring the degree of export development pattern, based on the coefficient of determination, reveals a significant negative correlation with the population size of economies. Furthermore, another type of metric for measuring the degree of export development pattern, assessed through the consistency of regression coefficients, can effectively explain the differences observed in the Economic Complexity Index and Economic Fitness among various economies. These findings imply the existence of a potential export development path that provides greater explanatory power for economic development, offering new cognitive perspectives for exploring the differences in export development among economies and understanding the relationship between international trade and economic development.

South Asian small states, characterized by their unique geographic locations and political-economic vulnerabilities, have long experienced conflicts arising from the great power competition involving China, the United States, and India. This study examined these states through the core dimensions of critical geopolitics, focusing on geopolitical narratives of political elites, the construction of geographical imaginations, and the interplay of ethnic identities. The findings indicate that political elites in South Asia manipulate geopolitical narratives and ethnic identities to advance their interests and reshape geographical imaginations to navigate space among competing powers. External actors, meanwhile, employ discourses such as the "Chinese debt trap" to influence public opinion in South Asia, exacerbating geopolitical fragmentation and hindering the progress of China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in the region. As the United States and India advance their Indo-Pacific Strategy, China needs to balance its interests in interactions with South Asian small states, strengthen engagements with political elites across various factions, and develop flexible diplomatic relationships. These efforts are essential to achieving regional stability, fostering cooperative development, and effectively countering the interference and containment strategies of the U.S. and India.

The settlement intention of the floating population is an important demographic geography issue influencing the transformation and development of resource-based cities in China. Based on the dynamic monitoring survey data of migrant populations from 2012 to 2018, this study employs a binary logistic regression model to systematically analyze the temporal and spatial evolution patterns of the floating population's settlement intention and its influencing factors in 126 resource-based cities. The research results show that: ① In terms of temporal evolution, from 2012 to 2018, the settlement intention of the floating population in resource-based cities shows a fluctuating upward trend. with significant differences between types, exhibiting a hierarchical pattern of "recession type cities>mature type cities>regenerative type cities>growth type cities", with the most significant increases in settlement intention observed in growing and regenerating cities; ② Regarding spatial patterns, the settlement intention of the floating population's in resource-based cities evolved from an initially "fragmented and dispersed" distribution to a "higher in the north and lower in the south" gradient pattern, with the spatial differentiation continuing to expand; ③ The analysis of influencing factors indicates that both individual characteristics of migrant populations and urban characteristics shape settlement decisions, with noticeable type-specific heterogeneity. Individual factors have a universal impact on all types of cities, while the impact strength of urban characteristics varies depending on the stage of urban development. Among individual factors, married, healthy filing, high education level, high family income level, long floating time, and the floating population in the province have a high settlement intention. In terms of urban characteristics, the per capita GDP is high, the urban rent is low, and the number of hospitals is large, so the floating population has a higher settlement intention.

Coordinating the relationship between rapid transportation, tourism economy and tourism eco-efficiency is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of tourism. Based on China's provincial panel data from 2009 to 2020, this paper uses entropy weight method, Super-SBM model and coupling coordination degree model to measure the development level and coordination status of rapid transportation, tourism economy and tourism eco-efficiency, and reveals the driving mechanism of the coordinated development of the three systems using the Tobit model. The study found that: ①The development level of China's rapid transportation and tourism economy has generally increased positively, while the tourism eco-efficiency has fluctuated and declined. The development of the three subsystems in the eastern region enjoys universal advantages. ②The coordination degree of the systems presents an upward state evolution of "on the verge of imbalance → reluctant coordination → primary coordination" in time series, with the development characteristics of "high coupling degree and low coordination degree"; in terms of spatial evolution, the eastern coast is the core area of coordinated development and radiates outward. ③Innovation ability, investment in science and education, consumption level and consumption ability have a significant positive impact on the coordinated development of the three systems, while economic strength and environmental regulation have a significant inhibitory effect. The effects of various influencing factors have obvious regional heterogeneity. The research conclusions can provide reference for exploring the scientific construction layout of rapid transportation, promoting the green transformation of tourism economy and promoting the high-quality development of tourism.

Based on the data of cooperative invention patents, the innovation connection network of the Yangtze River Delta was constructed at the prefecture-level and county-level. Social network analysis and computer simulation methods were combined to evaluate the structural toughness of the innovation network of the Yangtze River Delta at different scales from the static and dynamic perspectives. The results show that: ①At the prefecture-level, the density of innovation network steadily increases, and the high-intensity link cities belong to the 1-hour high-speed rail travel circle; the density of innovation network at the county-level is low,and the innovation relationship between the geographical districts inside the central city is relatively close;②At different scales, the innovation network of the Yangtze River Delta has an obvious hierarchy and disassortativity, and the agglomeration and transmission of the network improve continuously, while the agglomeration and transmission of county-level network are weaker than that of prefecture-level network;③Under random attacks, both prefecture-level and county-level innovation networks have strong resilience, while under deliberate attacks, the networks are more vulnerable. Attacks based on weighted proximity centrality and weighted intermediate centrality have a higher impact on network connectivity and transmission than attacks based on weighted centrality, under different attack strategies, the change of network transmission is more flexible with the change of the proportion of failed nodes; ④The failure of nodes with higher weighted centrality has a priority impact on network transmission, and the negative correlation between the overall network efficiency after node failure and the weighted intermediate centrality, and the weighted proximity centrality is stronger than that of the weighted degree.

This article starts from the concept of western 'urban entrepreneurialism,' denoted by an ideology of regional governance within the active intervention of socioeconomic affairs and pursuits of local economic elevation. It discusses the differences among new urban managerialism, city diplomacy, intrapreneurialism and state entrepreneurialism in regional governance. By employing an analytical lens from the state, space, and territory, this article aims to objectify the adaptability of 'urban entrepreneurialism' in Chinese regional governance, furthermore, to localise this theory with Chinese characteristics. This study substantiates the conceptual debates through a case study of Quzhou Inno-industiral Park (QIIP), an enclave industrial park in Zhejiang. It intends to unfold the process of the stepwise transition of regional governance value within the context of multi-level states. This article, therefore, argues that the above four modalities of urban entrepreneurialism are incapable of portraying the regional governance landscapes through the investigation of dynamics of governance objectives change. Regional governance toolkits adopted in different stages unpacks the changes of roles for the multi-level states on territorial governance. The essence of regional governance lies in the formulation of effective development strategy that meet the demand of regional development. Based on this, this article concludes with the following: ① Regional governance is adjusted in stages with the transformation of socioeconomic backdrops; ② The regulation flexibility for regions plays an important role in adjustment of the development pathays and the space production in the process of urban entrepreneurialism;③ The phased transformation shows that Chinese modality of regional governance are not contingent on practical instruments, but based on the socioeconomic performances of city regions.

As inter-provincial trade grows, the impact of trans-provincial carbon flows on China's carbon reduction effectiveness is becoming increasingly apparent. To foster inter-provincial cooperation in reducing carbon emissions, it is necessary to account for provincial carbon emissions and clear up the inter-provincial carbon transfer relationship. Using the MRIO model, this study calculated the embodied carbon emissions based on production and consumption in 30 provinces of China in 2012 and 2017. Based on this, networks of embodied carbon transfers in inter-provincial trade were constructed by the SNA method, and the characteristics of the networks were analyzed from the "relationship" perspective. The results show that: ① In China, inter-provincial carbon transfer is a regular occurrence, and Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Hebei, Liaoning, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Chongqing, and Shaanxi are more influential in China's inter-provincial carbon transfer system than the others. ② The embodied carbon transfer network of China's inter-provincial trade is intricate in nature, and the network could be divided into three major communities with "Hebei-Inner Mongolia-Beijing", "Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Henan", and "Guangdong" as the community cores, and the provinces in the same community have stronger relationships for carbon transfer. The results indicate that reducing carbon emissions requires not just controlling "quantity" but also managing "relationships", establishing regional collaborative mechanisms, and enhancing efficiency to reduce carbon emissions requires the combination of controlling "quantity" and managing "relationships".

Tourist ancient town is a special form of spatial existence in tourism destination. Tourism development promotes the practice process of space commercialization, space replacement and space reproduction of ancient town. With the two-way shaping and influence of globalization and localization on tourist ancient towns, commercialization has become the development diemma faced by all ancient tourist towns in China. This paper constructs an analytical framework based on authenticity and tourism gaze by using the research methods of interview and participatory observation. It studies the commercialization of the Lijiang Ancient Town from the perspective of perception and evaluation of different stakeholders. Then the theory responds to the hot topic of "what causes the commercialization of Lijiang ancient town?" which is more concerned by public opinion and tourists. The research shows that: ① The tourists' perception and evaluation of the commercialization of the old town of Lijiang reflects the tourists' pursuit of the nihilistic "center"; ② The commercialization of Lijiang ancient town is the result of multi gaze and interactive game among stakeholders;③The essence of the commercialization of Lijiang ancient town is the superposition and reconstruction of localization and modernity in the field space of the ancient town. In a word, the tourism development of the tourist field in ancient towns is an important practice space to promote the tourism development of underdeveloped areas, it is given the carrier of space production and profit reconstruction.It has brought the collision and integration of host and guest cultures, the choice of livelihood methods, the adjustment of commodity formats, and the practical innovation of management mode, are accompanied by the multiple gaze and projection of various stakeholders. The commercialization perception problems caused by the evolution of spatial production and the complexity of structure in the ancient town urgently need to be strengthened and adjusted.

Promoting the construction of suburban basic public education service system is of great importance to solve the problem of unbalanced educational development and to build a high-quality education system in suburban areas of metropolises. This study took public primary and secondary schools in Changping District of Beijing as the research object, took into account different modes of transportation to measure regional differences in basic education facilities in terms of spatial parity, geographic justice, and social equity. The spatial coverage was measured by domain model, the supply and demand matching pattern was simulated by the Huff model and the service quality characteristics were explored based on a large-scale community satisfaction survey conducted in Beijing City Health Examination Project. The results are as follows.① Basic public education facilities are concentrated in the center of the new city and the southeastern suburbs, with insufficient coverage in the western and northeastern regions; ② Supply shortages and over-allocations coexist. The center and the southeastern suburbs form a belt-shaped "crowded zone" under the circumstance of near-school enrollment, while the western and northeastern regions are supplied with surpluses; ③ Elementary schools are better constructed than secondary schools, and the problem of insufficient school places is more serious than that of secondary schools. ④ The upgrading of the transportation network and the adoption of mixed modes of transportation can effectively share the travel costs of residents. This study is of great theoretical and practical value for the future improvement of basic public education facilities, and can also provide a scientific basis and a practical model for the coordinated development planning in the metropolis suburbs in the future.

Hukou-residence separation is a unique phenomenon under China's household registration system, and has become an important force in the reshaping of urban spatial structure since the reform and opening up. Based on the data of population censuses in 2010 and 2020 of Lanzhou city, the population separated from households is classified into three types according to the place of household registration: Hukou-residence separated population in the municipal district, intra-provincial migrant and inter-provincial migrant. The spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors are analyzed by means of spatial autocorrelation, differentiation index and spatial regression model. The results show that: ① Between 2010 and 2020, the size of the Hukou-residence separated population continued to grow with spatial agglomeration characteristics. The Hukou-residence separated population in the municipal district gathered in the central urban area, forming a "multi-center" structure with Xigu and Chengguan districts gradually spreading to the edges; The intra-provincial migrant gradually gathered in the central urban area to the national new districts, development zones and administrative centers in the outer suburbs; The inter-provincial migrant gathered from the central city to the suburban's development zone. ② From the point of view of the differentiation index, the spatial differentiation between the population with the same household and the inter-provincial migrant was the largest, the spatial differentiation between the Hukou-residence separated population in the municipal district in the urban area was the second largest, the spatial differentiation between the intra-provincial migrant was smallest. ③ There were significant differences in the influencing factors of the spatial distribution of different types of the Hukou-residence separated population. Hukou-residence separated population in the municipal district was mainly affected by educational facilities and greening level. The spatial distribution of the intra-provincial migrant in the province was more affected by employment opportunities and transportation facilities. inter-provincial migrant was affected by factors such as the level of urbanization and transportation facilities.