代际传递视角下中国城市家庭住房产权获得——基于上海的实证研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.01.2019564

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着中国城市住房价格大幅上涨，住房可支付性成为青年面临的严峻挑战。尽管越来越多的研究开始关注中国城市住房不平等问题，但大多侧重住房资源分配由国家向市场的转移，相对而言，家庭在住房资源获取中的作用被忽视。本文选取上海市作为研究区域，使用2013年长三角社会变迁调查数据，以上海“80后”青年家庭为研究对象，重点关注夫妻双方父母的住房状况和社会经济属性对青年家庭住房产权获得的影响及性别差异。研究发现，父母户口很大程度上影响着青年家庭的住房结果；不同户口状况的父母住房财富存在较大分化，其影响着年轻家庭可获得的家庭购房资助的数额。与妻子父母相比，丈夫父母的户口状况对青年家庭住房结果的影响更大；而妻子父母在本地且拥有住房产权的双重优势与青年家庭住房产权获得有更强的正向联系。家庭背景对子代住房的影响结合婚姻匹配机制使住房优势或劣势在青年家庭内部累积，或会加剧住房分化现象。

关键词: 住房产权, 代际传递, 性别差异, 80后, 住房不平等

Abstract:

With the rapid rise in housing prices in urban China, housing affordability has become a challenge for the younger generation. Although emerging studies have paid attention to housing inequality in China, most of them focused on the transistion of housing resource allocation from the state to the market. However, the role of family in housing acquisition is relatively neglected. Using 2013 Fudan Yangtze River Delta Social Transformation Survey (FYRST), this paper investigates the impact of housing assets and socioeconomic status of parents on housing acquisition of young families, paying particular attention to the differences between the impact of husband's parents and wife's parents. It has been found that parents' hukou status largely determines the position of young families in the housing market. The amount of housing wealth owned by parents with different hukou status varies remarkable, which affects the intergenerational support that their children could receive. Compared with wife's parents, the hukou status of husband's parents exert a greater impact on housing outcomes of young families. Wife's parents owing a home in Shanghai increases the probability of young families achieving homeownership. The intergenerational transmission of resources together with assortative mating through marriage will lead to the accumulation of housing advantages as well as disadvantages among young families, and may exacerbate housing differentiation within the young generation.

Key words: homeownership, intergenerational transmission, gender difference, post-80s, housing inequality

崔璨, 崔军茹, 李佳怡. 代际传递视角下中国城市家庭住房产权获得——基于上海的实证研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(1): 167-178.

Can CUI, Junru CUI, Jiayi LI. Access to homeownership in urban China from the perspective of intergenerational transmission: A case study of Shanghai[J]. World Regional Studies, 2021, 30(1): 167-178.

图/表 4

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		丈夫		妻子
		频数	百分比/均值	频数	百分比/均值
青年	年龄		31.35		29.30
	上海户口	630	66.74%	571	60.49%
	城镇户口	710	75.21%	641	67.90%
	党员	121	12.82%	96	10.17%
	受教育程度高（专科及以上）	583	61.76%	587	62.18%
	工作单位性质（体制内）	266	28.18%	229	24.26%
	子女数量（个）		0.74
父母	上海户口	652	69.07%	542	57.42%
	城镇户口	548	58.05%	477	50.53%
	党员	181	19.17%	160	16.95%
	受教育程度（职业高中及以上）	380	40.25%	390	41.31%
	工作单位性质（体制内）	378	40.04%	309	32.73%
	拥有住房产权	454	48.09%	462	48.94%
	拥有住房数量
	0套	490	51.91%	483	51.17%
	1套	366	38.77%	367	38.88%
	2套及以上	88	9.32%	94	9.96%

		丈夫		妻子
		频数	百分比/均值	频数	百分比/均值
青年	年龄		31.35		29.30
	上海户口	630	66.74%	571	60.49%
	城镇户口	710	75.21%	641	67.90%
	党员	121	12.82%	96	10.17%
	受教育程度高（专科及以上）	583	61.76%	587	62.18%
	工作单位性质（体制内）	266	28.18%	229	24.26%
	子女数量（个）		0.74
父母	上海户口	652	69.07%	542	57.42%
	城镇户口	548	58.05%	477	50.53%
	党员	181	19.17%	160	16.95%
	受教育程度（职业高中及以上）	380	40.25%	390	41.31%
	工作单位性质（体制内）	378	40.04%	309	32.73%
	拥有住房产权	454	48.09%	462	48.94%
	拥有住房数量
	0套	490	51.91%	483	51.17%
	1套	366	38.77%	367	38.88%
	2套及以上	88	9.32%	94	9.96%

父母产权情况		青年有住房产权	青年无住房产权	χ^２检验
双方父母的住房产权状况	都没有住房产权	62.53%	37.47%	20.09^***
	只有丈夫父母有住房产权	79.75%	20.25%
	只有妻子父母有住房产权	75.86%	24.14%
	都有住房产权	74.93%	25.07%
双方父母的户口所在地	都不是上海户口	23.13%	76.87%	423.44^***
	只有丈夫父母是上海户口	85.95%	14.05%
	只有妻子父母是上海户口	81.82%	18.18%
	都是上海户口	91.15%	8.85%
双方父母的户口性质	都是农村户口	43.28%	56.72%	158.55^***
	只有丈夫父母是城镇户口	85.19%	14.81%
	只有妻子父母是城镇户口	74.73%	25.27%
	都是城镇户口	83.94%	16.06%
双方父母的党员身份	都不是党员	66.10%	33.90%	18.20^***
	只有丈夫父母是党员	80.43%	19.57%
	只有妻子父母是党员	74.36%	25.64%
	都是党员	86.05%	13.95%
双方父母的受教育程度	受教育程度都低	57.22%	42.78%	55.27^***
	只有丈夫父母受教育程度高	79.87%	20.13%
	只有妻子父母受教育程度高	76.33%	23.67%
	受教育程度都高	81.45%	18.55%
双方父母的单位性质	都是体制外工作	58.35%	41.65%	73.77^***
	只有丈夫父母体制内工作	82.54%	17.46%
	只有妻子父母体制内工作	80.70%	19.30%
	都是体制内工作	85.32%	14.68%

父母产权情况		青年有住房产权	青年无住房产权	χ^２检验
双方父母的住房产权状况	都没有住房产权	62.53%	37.47%	20.09^***
	只有丈夫父母有住房产权	79.75%	20.25%
	只有妻子父母有住房产权	75.86%	24.14%
	都有住房产权	74.93%	25.07%
双方父母的户口所在地	都不是上海户口	23.13%	76.87%	423.44^***
	只有丈夫父母是上海户口	85.95%	14.05%
	只有妻子父母是上海户口	81.82%	18.18%
	都是上海户口	91.15%	8.85%
双方父母的户口性质	都是农村户口	43.28%	56.72%	158.55^***
	只有丈夫父母是城镇户口	85.19%	14.81%
	只有妻子父母是城镇户口	74.73%	25.27%
	都是城镇户口	83.94%	16.06%
双方父母的党员身份	都不是党员	66.10%	33.90%	18.20^***
	只有丈夫父母是党员	80.43%	19.57%
	只有妻子父母是党员	74.36%	25.64%
	都是党员	86.05%	13.95%
双方父母的受教育程度	受教育程度都低	57.22%	42.78%	55.27^***
	只有丈夫父母受教育程度高	79.87%	20.13%
	只有妻子父母受教育程度高	76.33%	23.67%
	受教育程度都高	81.45%	18.55%
双方父母的单位性质	都是体制外工作	58.35%	41.65%	73.77^***
	只有丈夫父母体制内工作	82.54%	17.46%
	只有妻子父母体制内工作	80.70%	19.30%
	都是体制内工作	85.32%	14.68%

父母情况	参数	模型1	模型2	模型3	模型4	模型5
父母住房产权状况	丈夫父母住房产权状况（有产权=1）	0.380^**		-0.084	-0.133	-0.255
父母住房产权状况	妻子父母住房产权状况（有产权=1）	0.226		0.201	-0.233	-0.213
父母社会经济属性	丈夫父母户口所在地（上海=1）		2.496^***	2.500^***	2.633^***	2.699^***
	妻子父母户口所在地（上海=1）		0.796^***	0.793^***	0.388	0.304
	丈夫父母户口性质（城镇=1）		0.727^***	0.729^***	0.966^***	0.934^***
	妻子父母户口性质（城镇=1）		0.216	-0.235	-0.220	-0.381
	丈夫父母受教育程度（高=1）		-0.061	-0.052	-0.070	-0.219
	妻子父母受教育程度（高=1）		0.127	0.124	0.127	-0.019
	丈夫父母党员身份（党员=1）		0.388	0.39	0.420	0.370
	妻子父母党员身份（党员=1）		0.123	0.11	0.128	-0.107
	丈夫父母工作单位性质（体制内=1）		0.001	0.001	0.012	-0.146
	妻子父母工作单位性质（体制内=1）		-0.124	0.11	0.120	0.120
父母户口和住房产权状况的交互项	丈夫父母住房产权*户口所在地				-0.302	-0.251
	妻子父母住房产权*户口所在地				0.888^*	0.840^*
	丈夫父母住房产权*户口性质				-0.53	-0.582
	妻子父母住房产权*户口性质				-0.045	-0.022
控制变量	丈夫年龄					0.028
	丈夫受教育程度（高=1）					0.424
	妻子受教育程度（高=1）					0.822^***
	丈夫党员身份（党员=1）					0.634^*
	妻子党员身份（党员=1）					-0.233
	丈夫工作单位性质（体制内=1）					0.187
	妻子工作单位性质（体制内=1）					-0.022
	子女状况（有=1）					0.525^**
	Observations	944	944	944	944	944
	LR χ^２	14.84	429.57	430.22	435.51	471.72
	Prob > χ^２	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
	Pseudo R²	0.01	0.37	0.374	0.38	0.41
	Log likelihood	-568.22	-360.85	-360.53	-357.88	-339.78