跨域水治理中的尺度重构：以东江为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.02.2019461

世界地理研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 297-307.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.02.2019461

• 环境政治与政治生态学 • 上一篇下一篇

跨域水治理中的尺度重构：以东江为例

刘晓凤¹(), 张文雅², 程小兰², 王雨³(), 葛岳静⁴^,⁵

^1.香港大学地理系，香港 999077
^2.中山大学政治与公共事务管理学院，广州 510275
^3.南方科技大学社会科学中心，广东深圳 518055
^4.北京师范大学地理科学学部，北京 100875
^5.高原科学与可持续发展研究院，西宁 810008

收稿日期:2019-09-10 修回日期:2019-12-23 出版日期:2021-03-30 发布日期:2021-04-09
通讯作者: 王雨
作者简介:刘晓凤(1994-)，女，博士生，主要研究方向为政治地理与地缘政治,E-mail: xiaofeng_liu@outlook.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41801132);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金(17YJCZH183);广东省自然科学基金(2018A030313964);国家社会科学基金重大项目(16ZDA041)

Rescaling of inter-jurisdictional water governance: A case study of the Dongjiang River

Xiaofeng LIU¹(), Wenya ZHANG², Xiaolan CHENG², Yu WANG³(), Yuejing GE⁴^,⁵

^1.Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
^2.School of Government, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
^3.Center of Social Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
^4.Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
^5.Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Xining 810008, China

Received:2019-09-10 Revised:2019-12-23 Online:2021-03-30 Published:2021-04-09
Contact: Yu WANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水治理往往呈现地理空间上的跨区域性、组织制度上的多层级性以及管理单位上的跨部门性等多尺度特征。本文以珠江水系干流之一——东江的水资源跨域分配、开发与保护等治理过程为例，采用“物质-组织-表达”的尺度框架，分析了在不同的历史时期，东江水资源相关政策从出台到执行过程中所经历的多次尺度重构。主要结论如下：（1）总体上，国家在东江水供港和流域生态补偿政策等跨域水治理政策出台和执行过程的各个阶段都掌握着主导权，同时各级政府、民众和相关团体组织等也开展针对东江用水的尺度争夺。（2）物质空间上，随着时间的推移和社会政治背景的变迁，东江水治理在政治尺度和生态尺度之间切换并存。（3）组织空间上，横向和纵向的尺度重构在东江水跨域开发和治理的过程中同时发生。（4）话语表达空间上，国家和地方的众多行为体都在尝试塑造针对东江水治理的话语，这些话语将不同的主体纳入到东江水开发与治理的框架之内或将其排除在外，实现尺度的重组。

关键词: 跨域水治理, 水政治, 尺度, 东江, 生态补偿

Abstract:

Taking the inter-jurisdictional water governance of the Dongjiang River basin as an example, this paper explores scalar reconstructions in the material space, organizational space and discursive space over the course of policy formulation and implementation. Major findings are as follows: 1) Overall, the central government dominates formulation and implementation of water governance policies in the Dongjiang River basin. Meanwhile, sub-national governments, public groups and other relevant organizations are also engaged in the competition of scalar construction. 2) In material space, the focal scale of water governance in the Dongjiang River has shifted and co-existed between the political and ecological scales.3) In organizational space, the horizontal and vertical scalar reconstruction of the Dongjiang River water governance policies occurred simultaneously in the process of policy formulation and implementation.4) In discursive space, various actors at national and local scales are trying to shape their own discourses on the Dongjiang River water governance. These discourses include and exclude certain subjects into and from the framework of policy implementation, by which scalar reorganization is achieved.

Key words: inter-jurisdictional water governance, hydropolitics, scale, Dongjiang River, eco-compensation

刘晓凤, 张文雅, 程小兰, 王雨, 葛岳静. 跨域水治理中的尺度重构：以东江为例[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(2): 297-307.

Xiaofeng LIU, Wenya ZHANG, Xiaolan CHENG, Yu WANG, Yuejing GE. Rescaling of inter-jurisdictional water governance: A case study of the Dongjiang River[J]. World Regional Studies, 2021, 30(2): 297-307.

图/表 6

图1 东江流域地图

Fig.1 The Dongjiang River basin

图2 东深供水工程示意图资料来源：香港特别行政区水务署网站。

Fig.2 Sketch of the Dongjiang-Shenzhen (Dongshen) water supply project

图3 1983—2017年香港淡水消费量和广东供港水量资料来源：香港特别行政区水务署网站。

Fig.3 Freshwater consumption in Hong Kong and water imported from Guangdong Province, 1983-2017

表1 广东省东江流域水资源分配方案 (亿立方米)

Tab.1 Water resource allocation plan for the Dongjiang river basin in Guangdong province (unit: 100 million m3)

城市	地区	正常来水年水量分配（90%保证率）			特枯来水年水量分配（95%保证率）
		农业用水	工业生活用水	总分配用水	农业用水	工业生活用水	总分配用水
梅州		0.2	0.06	0.26	0.17	0.05	0.22
河源		12.2	5.43	17.63	11.72	5.34	17.06
韶关		0.98	0.24	1.22	0.89	0.24	1.13
惠州	东江流域	13.79	8.89	22.68	12.89	8.66	21.55
	大亚湾、稔平半岛调水	0	2.65	2.65	0	2.5	2.5
	小计	13.79	11.54	25.33	12.89	11.16	24.05
东莞		1.92	19.03	20.95	0.71	18.73	19.44
广州	增城市	4.2	3.89	8.09	3.91	3.54	7.45
	广州东部取水	0	5.53	5.53	0	5.4	5.4
	小计	4.2	9.42	13.62	3.91	8.94	12.85
深圳		0.27	16.36	16.63	0.17	15.91	16.08
香港		0	11	11	0	11	11
总计		33.56	73.08	106.64	30.46	71.37	101.83

图4 东江水治理组织空间的尺度重构

Fig.4 The rescaling of the organizational space of water governance in the Dongjiang River

图5 东江水治理话语表达空间的尺度重构

Fig. 5 The rescaling of the discursive space of water governance in the Dongjiang River

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跨域水治理中的尺度重构：以东江为例

Rescaling of inter-jurisdictional water governance: A case study of the Dongjiang River

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