新疆多语种地名空间分布特征研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.05.2019586

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

将新疆维吾尔自治区16037个地名作为研究对象，利用ArcGIS10.5核密度的空间平滑分析法和数理统计方法，以多语种地名的视角，分析新疆各语种地名空间分布特征及所蕴含的文化内涵。研究发现：汉族与维吾尔族为农耕民族，因生产方式对地形、坡度的挑剔和水源的依赖等特征，新疆汉语和维吾尔语地名多分布于山前冲积平原，以天山山脉为界，天山北麓汉语地名集中分布，南麓维吾尔语地名分布密集；蒙古族与哈萨克族为游牧民族，因其换季游牧需要广阔草场等特性，蒙古语地名多分布于天山北麓以西的缓坡、低山、高平原地区，总体呈现大分散、小集中的特点。哈萨克语地名集中分布于阿尔泰山、塔尔巴哈台山及伊犁河谷的中山区。总体上，新疆多民族多语种地名的分布特征与地形海拔、坡度等地理环境条件和以此为基础的生产方式关系密切。

关键词: 多语种地名, 分布规律, 核密度估计法, 新疆

Abstract:

Taking 16037 place names in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region as the research object, from the perspective of multilingual place names, with the help of ArcGIS10.5 kernel density estimation method and mathematical statistics method, this research was tried to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and cultural connotation of place names in Xinjiang. The study shows that Han and Uygur are farming people, due to the production methods depend on topography, slope selectivity and hydrological conditions, Chinese and Uyghur place names in Xinjiang are mostly distributed in the piedmont alluvial plains, with the Tianshan Mountains as the boundary, the Chinese place names are concentrated in the northern part of the Tianshan Mountains, the Uyghur place names are densely distributed in the southern part of the Tianshan Mountains. Mongolian and Kazakh are nomadic people, because its nomadic land changes with the season and need a broad pasture, Mongolian place names are mostly distributed in the gentle slopes, low mountains and high plains west of the Tianshan Mountains, the overall appearance of them is characterized by large dispersion and small concentration. The Kazakh place names are concentrated in the Altay Mountains, Talbahha Mountain and the middle mountainous areas of the Ili River Valley. In general, the distribution characteristics of multi-lingual place names in Xinjiang are closely related to the geographical conditions such as terrain elevation and slope, and the production methods based on this.

Key words: multilingual place names, distribution, kernel density estimation method, Xinjiang

东方杰, 那顺达来, 苏都尔. 新疆多语种地名空间分布特征研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(5): 1106-1114.

Jie DONGFANG, Nashundalai, Duer SU. Study on spatial distribution characteristics of multilingual place names in Xinjiang[J]. World Regional Studies, 2021, 30(5): 1106-1114.

图/表 5

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语种	类型	主要用字	统计总数	占比
合计			16037	100%
汉语	自然地名	河、沟、泉、海子、山、湖、湾、梁、沙、柳、地、石、井、滩	1405	8.76%
	人文地名	兵团、连、场、园、庄、户、宫、工、站、家、城、解放、团结、人民、生产	5622	35.06%
维吾尔语	自然地名	库勒、苏、阿热勒、布拉克、吾斯塘、艾日克、塔克、塔格、库木、硝尔、苏盖提、尤勒滚、托格拉克、玉尔滚、铁热克	4606	28.72%
	人文地名	买里、巴扎、乌恰、兰干、巴格、赛里木、阿瓦提、吐尔、塔木、美其特、克孜勒、也尔、拜	1900	11.85%
蒙古语	自然地名	郭勒、乌苏、诺尔、布拉克、乌拉、敖包、哈达、戈壁、查干、乌兰、喀拉、乌拉斯台、苏海提、楚鲁、托里、呼都格	887	5.53%
	人文地名	苏木、浩特、喇嘛、本布图、巴音、孟克、赛罕、吉尔格朗	179	1.12%
哈萨克语	自然地名	苏、乌赞、布拉克、吐别克、巴斯陶、乌泽克、托别、套、塔斯、乔克、别勒、萨依、达拉、阿尕什	928	5.79%
	人文地名	塔木、窝依莫克、克热格、别列克齐、齐巴尔、阿尕尔森、阿乌利亚	116	0.72%
其它语种			394	2.46%

语种	类型	主要用字	统计总数	占比
合计			16037	100%
汉语	自然地名	河、沟、泉、海子、山、湖、湾、梁、沙、柳、地、石、井、滩	1405	8.76%
	人文地名	兵团、连、场、园、庄、户、宫、工、站、家、城、解放、团结、人民、生产	5622	35.06%
维吾尔语	自然地名	库勒、苏、阿热勒、布拉克、吾斯塘、艾日克、塔克、塔格、库木、硝尔、苏盖提、尤勒滚、托格拉克、玉尔滚、铁热克	4606	28.72%
	人文地名	买里、巴扎、乌恰、兰干、巴格、赛里木、阿瓦提、吐尔、塔木、美其特、克孜勒、也尔、拜	1900	11.85%
蒙古语	自然地名	郭勒、乌苏、诺尔、布拉克、乌拉、敖包、哈达、戈壁、查干、乌兰、喀拉、乌拉斯台、苏海提、楚鲁、托里、呼都格	887	5.53%
	人文地名	苏木、浩特、喇嘛、本布图、巴音、孟克、赛罕、吉尔格朗	179	1.12%
哈萨克语	自然地名	苏、乌赞、布拉克、吐别克、巴斯陶、乌泽克、托别、套、塔斯、乔克、别勒、萨依、达拉、阿尕什	928	5.79%
	人文地名	塔木、窝依莫克、克热格、别列克齐、齐巴尔、阿尕尔森、阿乌利亚	116	0.72%
其它语种			394	2.46%

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