近代德国地理学的理论与贡献

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.05.2020151

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

德国是近代自然地理学的发源地，也是人文地理学的故乡。近代德国地理学不仅助推了德国社会经济的发展，还为世界各国地理学的发展奠定了理论基础，推动了地理学的科学化、系统化与全球化。本文运用文献计量法综述国内外1975—2019年关于近代德国地理学的539篇文献，从年度载文量、研究者国别、研究方向和研究方法四方面入手，突出时间顺序与空间差异，系统梳理与凝练近代德国地理学家的理论与重要贡献，结果表明：近代德国自然地理学与人文地理学的经典理论，尤其是地质地貌、地学革命，以及区域、景观与环境三大学派、区位理论、地缘政治等领域对人类做出了卓越的贡献，近代德国地理学的理论与研究方法值得我们借鉴与思考。

关键词: 文献计量法, 近代德国地理学, 理论与重要贡献, 自然地理学, 人文地理学

Abstract:

Germany is the birthplace of modern physical geography and the hometown of human geography. Modern German geography not only promoted the development of Germany, but also provided a theoretical basis for the development of geography in other countries in the world, and promoted the scientization, systematization and globalization of geography. In this paper, 539 domestic and foreign published papers of modern German geography from 1975 to 2019 were reviewed systematically by means of bibliometrics. Starting from the four aspects of annual paper volume, researchers' countries, research direction and research methods, the differences in time sequence and space were highlighted, and the theories and important contributions of German geographers were sorted out and summarized. The results show that modern German physical geography and human geography, especially geological landforms, geological revolutions, as well as the three schools of region, landscape and environment, location theories and geopolitics have made outstanding contributions to humanity. The theories and research methods of geography in modern Germany are worthy of our reference and reflection.

Key words: bibliometrics, modern German geography, theories and important contributions, physical geography, human geography

林锦屏, 周美岐, 易琦, 钟竺君, 季文华. 近代德国地理学的理论与贡献[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(5): 957-965.

Jinping LIN, Meiqi ZHOU, Qi YI, Zhujun ZHONG, Wenhua JI. Theories and contributions of modern German geography[J]. World Regional Studies, 2021, 30(5): 957-965.

图/表 5

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分类	研究方法	代表文献
定性方法	历史、结构-发生和活动-地理空间；资料分析；中产阶级化理论；比较和批判性评价；二维态度研究方法；戈登·奥尔波特接触理论；中心地理论	Kaledin, N等^[2]、Klein, Oliver^[3]、Reick, Philipp^[4]、Luthi, Stefan等^[5]、Gans, Paul等^[6]、Dirksmeier, Peter^[7]、马志和等^[8]
定量方法	FTIR-MIR光谱；多元回归；连锁网络模型；结构矢量自回归模型；数字表面模型；阈值法；多元logistic回归模型；偏比例优势模型；区域趋同模型；时空变异函数模型；聚类分析；Helpman-Hanson模型；回归分析；SVAT模型；柯本气候分类法；空间数据编码；追求效率型模型；扩展杜能模型；杜能圈多智能体模型；广义廖什模型；层次分析法；空间重心法	Hirsch Florian等^[9]、Jaeckle Sebastian等^[10]、Luthi Stefan等^[5]、Brenner Thomas等^[11]、Michel David等^[12]、Hafner Kurt A^[13]、Kubis Alexander等^[14]、Heuvelink Gerard B. M.等^[15]、Kronthaler F^[16]、Brakman S等^[17]、Rodriguez-Pose A等^[18]、Riphahn RT^[19]、Ludwig R^[20]、李一曼等^[21]、郭恒亮等^[22]、廉艳萍等^[23]、钟晓青等^[24]

分类	研究方法	代表文献
定性方法	历史、结构-发生和活动-地理空间；资料分析；中产阶级化理论；比较和批判性评价；二维态度研究方法；戈登·奥尔波特接触理论；中心地理论	Kaledin, N等^[2]、Klein, Oliver^[3]、Reick, Philipp^[4]、Luthi, Stefan等^[5]、Gans, Paul等^[6]、Dirksmeier, Peter^[7]、马志和等^[8]
定量方法	FTIR-MIR光谱；多元回归；连锁网络模型；结构矢量自回归模型；数字表面模型；阈值法；多元logistic回归模型；偏比例优势模型；区域趋同模型；时空变异函数模型；聚类分析；Helpman-Hanson模型；回归分析；SVAT模型；柯本气候分类法；空间数据编码；追求效率型模型；扩展杜能模型；杜能圈多智能体模型；广义廖什模型；层次分析法；空间重心法	Hirsch Florian等^[9]、Jaeckle Sebastian等^[10]、Luthi Stefan等^[5]、Brenner Thomas等^[11]、Michel David等^[12]、Hafner Kurt A^[13]、Kubis Alexander等^[14]、Heuvelink Gerard B. M.等^[15]、Kronthaler F^[16]、Brakman S等^[17]、Rodriguez-Pose A等^[18]、Riphahn RT^[19]、Ludwig R^[20]、李一曼等^[21]、郭恒亮等^[22]、廉艳萍等^[23]、钟晓青等^[24]