中国企业R&D全球化与创新能力升级：一个区位-关系视角的解释框架

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.09.20222309

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地理学对解释企业研发（R&D）全球化布局具有明显的理论优势，在国际直接投资理论基础上，结合经济地理学相关理论，从区位与关系两个维度构建中国企业R&D全球化的分析框架，并以华为为例分析企业R&D全球化的时空格局特征，以及R&D全球化与企业创新能力升级的相互作用机理以印证该解释框架的可适性。研究认为，企业在相关领域的自主创新能力及技术吸收能力积累是其通过R&D全球化提升核心竞争力的前提。在此基础上，选择合适区位充分利用东道国的技术优势和丰富的创新资源持续布局海外R&D中心，同时依托良好的国家间关系及中国企业与东道国企业、高校和科研院所的合作网络关系是企业获取创新资源及知识溢出以实现技术升级的重要战略选择。但在全球科技竞争日趋激烈及贸易保护主义盛行的背景下，国家间关系的变化对中国企业R&D全球化布局具有很大影响，也应作为中国企业海外R&D投资考虑的重要因素。最后，借鉴华为的发展经验，对中国企业选择合适区位有效实施海外R&D投资以提升企业创新能力以及相关部门制定政策措施鼓励中国企业R&D全球化布局提出建议。

关键词: 区位-关系视角, 中国企业, R&D全球化, 创新能力升级, 华为

Abstract:

Geography has obvious theoretical advantages in explaining the globalization of enterprises' R&D. Based on the theory of international direct investment and the relevant theories of economic geography, this paper constructs an analytical framework for the globalization of Chinese enterprises' R&D from the two dimensions of location and relationship, and takes Huawei as an example to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of enterprise R&D globalization and the interaction mechanism between R&D globalization and enterprise innovation capability upgrading, so as to confirm the applicability of the interpretation framework. The study believes that the independent innovation ability and technology absorption ability accumulated by enterprises in related fields are the prerequisites for their R&D globalization. On this basis, choosing a suitable location to continue to deploy overseas R&D centers, making full use of the technical advantages and rich innovation resources of the host country, and relying on good inter-state relations and the cooperation network relationship between Chinese enterprises and host country enterprises, universities and research institutes are important strategic choices for enterprises to obtain innovation resources and knowledge spillover to achieve technological upgrading. However, in the context of increasingly fierce global science and technology competition and the prevalence of trade protectionism, the changes in inter-state relations have had a great impact on the R&D globalization of Chinese enterprises, and should also be regarded as an important factor for Chinese enterprises to consider overseas R&D investment. Finally, drawing on Huawei's R&D globalization development experience, suggestions are made for Chinese enterprises to choose appropriate locations to effectively implement overseas R&D investment to enhance their innovation capabilities. At the same time, it also provides theoretical and case support for relevant departments to formulate policies and measures to encourage Chinese enterprises to go global.

Key words: location-connection perspective, Chinese enterprises, R&D globalization, innovation upgrading, Huawei

胡曙虹, 杜德斌, 段德忠, 张宓之. 中国企业R&D全球化与创新能力升级：一个区位-关系视角的解释框架[J]. 世界地理研究, 2024, 33(9): 45-56.

Shuhong HU, Debin DU, Dezhong DUAN, Mizhi ZHANG. R&D globalization and innovation upgrading of Chinese enterprises: An explanatory framework from location-connection perspective[J]. World Regional Studies, 2024, 33(9): 45-56.

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发展阶段	区位	关系	R&D全球化布局特征及其影响
技术后发	处于全球创新网络的外围区位，通过加大研发投入提升企业自主创新能力，以确立自身在行业中的地位，开始尝试海外R&D投资	选择国家间关系良好、技术先进的地区设立海外研发中心	在印度、俄罗斯等地布局研发中心，获取先进技术及创新资源
技术追赶	处于全球创新网络的追赶区位，自身创新能力得到较大提升，选择市场规模大、创新能力强和创新资源数量丰富的东道国进行R&D全球化布局	选择国家间关系良好、技术先进的地区设立海外研发中心；通过正式或非正式关系与全球领先通信企业合作紧跟技术发展	在法国、德国等通信技术领先的国家布局海外研发中心；与全球领先通信企业进行合作；开启面向发展中国家（如印度尼西亚等）的技术转移
技术领先	处于全球创新网络的领先区位，选择相关领域技术水平全球领先的地区进行R&D投资	由于自身技术领先受到相关国家技术制裁，海外R&D投资及与相关企业合作受阻	对美国、澳大利亚等国家的R&D投资受阻

发展阶段	区位	关系	R&D全球化布局特征及其影响
技术后发	处于全球创新网络的外围区位，通过加大研发投入提升企业自主创新能力，以确立自身在行业中的地位，开始尝试海外R&D投资	选择国家间关系良好、技术先进的地区设立海外研发中心	在印度、俄罗斯等地布局研发中心，获取先进技术及创新资源
技术追赶	处于全球创新网络的追赶区位，自身创新能力得到较大提升，选择市场规模大、创新能力强和创新资源数量丰富的东道国进行R&D全球化布局	选择国家间关系良好、技术先进的地区设立海外研发中心；通过正式或非正式关系与全球领先通信企业合作紧跟技术发展	在法国、德国等通信技术领先的国家布局海外研发中心；与全球领先通信企业进行合作；开启面向发展中国家（如印度尼西亚等）的技术转移
技术领先	处于全球创新网络的领先区位，选择相关领域技术水平全球领先的地区进行R&D投资	由于自身技术领先受到相关国家技术制裁，海外R&D投资及与相关企业合作受阻	对美国、澳大利亚等国家的R&D投资受阻