携带宠物出游：内涵、特征及其新物质主义分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.11.20230059

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

携宠旅游市场逐渐成为我国旅游客源市场中一种重要的细分类型，然而相关科学研究较为缺乏。以马蜂窝网络游记为数据源，以携宠旅游者为研究对象，利用文本内容分析、空间分析方法探讨携宠出游的行为特征，并基于新物质主义的物质能动性及拼装视角科学解析携宠出游行为的成因。结果表明：（1）携宠旅游者偏好私人自驾、房车的交通方式，以及草原型、滨海型、古城古镇型旅游地与民宿、客栈型住宿业态；其到访目的地的空间分布存在明显异质性与集聚性，总体呈现围绕核心省域及市域目的地向外围扩散的“核心-边缘”结构，主要形成云贵川、长三角、珠三角、华北地区等四大核心集聚密度区。（2）宠物具有主体性与能动性特征，宠物的物质主体能动性通过植入宠物主日常生活、唤醒携宠者内心情绪欲望、激发携宠动机情感，从而形成逃避与释放、陪伴与依恋、心理补偿、社会交往等携宠旅游行为背后四大物质能动性动机。（3）宠物这一新型物质实体具有拼装力，当这种拼装因物质能动性驱动而由“家”嵌入至“旅游”情境，携宠动机情感、个人需求偏好、目的地属性特征、管理规制、宠物、其他游客等人与非人的多元异质元素相互作用，并生成目的地、交通、住宿、景区等关联要素的携宠旅游拼装体，而该携宠旅游拼装体的生成过程也就解释了携宠旅游行为背后的成因。本研究弥补了对携宠旅游中宠物能动性参与的旅游行为探讨不足，并为我国携宠旅游市场培育及高质量发展提供学理解释与实践参考。

关键词: 网络游记, 携宠出游, 内涵, 拼装, 物质能动性, 新物质主义

Abstract:

The pet-carrying tourism market has gradually become an important segment of China's tourism source market, but relevant scientific research is lacking. Taking the network travelogue of Mafengwo as the data source and the pet tourists as the research object, the text content analysis and spatial analysis methods are used to explore the characteristics of travelling with pets. The results show that: (1) Tourists carrying with pets prefer the self-driving and RV transportation, as well as the scenic spot of grassland,coastal, ancient town and the accommodation formats of homestay and inn. There is obvious heterogeneity and agglomeration in the spatial distribution of the destinations visited by pet tourists, which generally presents a "core-edge" structure that spreads around the core provincial and municipal destinations to the periphery and mainly forms four core agglomeration density areas such as Yunnan-Guizhou-Sichuan, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and North China; (2) The pets have the characteristics of material agency, and the material agency of pets is implanted in the daily life of pet-owners, awakens the inner emotional and desires and stimulates the motivational emotions of tourists to form four major material agency related motivations that affect the generation of pet tourism behavior, such as escape and release, companionship and attachment, psychological compensation, and social communication. (3) The new material entity of pets has an ability of assemblage. When this assemblage driven by material agency is embedded from "home" to "tourism" situation, non-human heterogeneous elements form a pet-carrying tourism assembly body with destinations, transportation, accommodation, scenic spots, etc. Therefore, the generation process of the pet-carrying tourism assemblage also explains the causes of the pet-carrying tourism behavior. Through the research on the connotation, behavior characteristics and its causes from a new materialistic perspective, this paper expands the cognition and understanding of tourism spatial system of China's pet tourism market.

Key words: network travelogue, travelling with pets, connotation, assemblage, material agency, new materialism

张育芬, 王强, 陈钰峰. 携带宠物出游：内涵、特征及其新物质主义分析[J]. 世界地理研究, 2024, 33(11): 175-188.

Yufen ZHANG, Qiang WANG, Yufeng CHEN. Traveling with pets: Connotation, characteristics and its analysis from the perspective of new materialism[J]. World Regional Studies, 2024, 33(11): 175-188.

图/表 10

图1 客源地的省域分布

Fig.1 Provincial distribution of tourist traveling with pets

表1 携宠出游市场主体结构关系

Tab.1 The relationship of the tourist market entities traveling with pets

人物关系	关系数量/个	占比/%	人物关系	关系数量/个	占比/%
情侣/夫妻	185	46.717	情侣/夫妻和朋友	23	5.808
家庭出游	118	29.798	个人	18	4.545
朋友	49	12.374	家庭和朋友	3	0.758

表2 携宠类型及数量

Tab.2 Type and quantity of pets

宠物类型	人数/个	占比/%
狗	371	93.451
猫和狗	14	3.526
猫	8	2.015
狗和小众宠物	2	0.504
小众宠物	1	0.252
猫、狗和小众宠物	1	0.252

图2 携宠出游时间的月份分布

Fig.2 Monthly distribution of travelling with pets

表3 携宠出游时间段分布

Tab.3 Distribution of travelling periods with pets

时间段/天	数量/人	占比/%	时间段/天	数量/人	占比/%
1~2	153	38.636	15~21	26	6.566
3~5	102	25.758	22~28	12	3.030
6~7	37	11.212	29~30	3	0.758
8~14	57	14.394	30以上	6	1.515

图3 携宠旅游的省域空间格局（a）、市域空间等级（b）和目的地集聚密度（c）注：上图基于国家自然资源部标准地图服务系统标准地图（审图号：GS(2020)4619号）绘制，底图无修改。

Fig.3 Provincial spatial pattern （a）， urban spatial hierarchy（b） and agglomeration density（c） of travels with pets

图4 高频特征词共现网络图谱

Fig.4 High-frequency words co-occurrence network

表4 携宠网络游记文本核心高频词频率及中心性指标

Tab.4 Frequency and centrality indicators of core high-frequency words of online travel notes

高频特征词	频数	频率	点度中心度	K-核	高频特征词	频数	频率	点度中心度	K-核
景区	3 954	10	41	6	国道	625	2	4	4
公里	2 183	6	27	6	瀑布	942	2	3	3
酒店	2 539	6	25	6	导航	487	1	3	3
景点	1 204	3	12	6	森林	486	1	3	3
自驾	1 391	4	12	5	提前	421	1	3	3
宠物	971	2	11	6	特色	486	1	3	2
住宿	1 149	3	11	6	海拔	688	2	3	2
房间	972	2	9	6	古镇	995	3	2	2
入住	545	1	7	6	服务区	547	1	2	2
公园	1 340	3	7	6	建筑	746	2	2	2
高速	1 269	3	7	4	历史	519	1	2	2
民宿	967	2	6	6	自然	831	2	1	1
客栈	846	2	6	6	沙滩	619	2	1	1
公路	1 128	3	5	4	宾馆	465	1	1	1
草原	1 242	3	4	4	海边	426	1	1	1

图5 “宠物”节点网络图谱

Fig.5 Node co-occurrence network of pets

图6 物质能动性驱动的携宠旅游拼装体生成过程

Fig.6 Generation process of the pet-carrying tourism assemblage driven by material agency

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