流动中的地方认同：以客家村庄“出嫁女回娘家”活动为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2026.04.20240816

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

民俗节庆根植于地方文化，通过塑造地方形象、建构地方文化身份和认同，促进地方经济发展，成为研究地方文化的重要途径。本研究以广州市客家村庄“出嫁女回娘家”活动为案例，深入探讨了基于传统文化底蕴而创新发展的乡村民俗活动如何通过情感连接、团结支持等多重机制运作，强化出嫁女性对家乡的地方文化认同、历史认同和发展认同，从而影响其地方认同感。活动中的情感联结和地方文化认同使出嫁女性重新建立起与家乡的情感纽带，显著提升了女性在村庄中的地位；团结支持与历史回忆唤醒了她们的集体认同，深化了其地方认同；经济条件的改善提高了活动质量和参与度，增强了对家乡经济发展的认同和支持。此外，活动中的本地村民、宗亲兄弟、访客亲友等不同群体均给予了出嫁女性不同程度的支持与认同。其地方认同感得以从娘家层面深化至整个村庄，实现了从个人小家庭向更广泛的集体归属感拓展。本研究在理论上拓展了新创乡村民俗与地方认同关系的理论框架，有助于加深对新创民俗活动建构地方认同的理解；在实践上则对利用民俗增进不同民系的文化融合与地方认同有积极指导意义，对进一步推动乡村文化振兴具有现实价值。最后，未来研究可进一步探索民俗活动与乡村社区治理和文化建设、女性主体视角下的地方认同、数字媒介赋能乡村振兴等交叉领域。

关键词: 民俗, 地方认同, 出嫁女性, 客家文化, 宗族村落

Abstract:

Folk festivals serve as significant avenues for studying local cultures by constructing local images, constructing place cultural identities, and fostering local economic development. This study, taking the "Married Women Returning to Their Hometown" event in Beiyin Hakka Village, Paitan Town, Guangzhou City as a case, explores how newly created rural folk activities reinforce the place identity of these women. The event unfolds in various forms, such as the Pi Xiu dance performance (a Hakka dance), carrying bamboo baskets (a traditional Hakka practice), ancestor worship, singing Hakka folk songs, and sharing reunion dinners. The emotional connections and place cultural identity forged during the event re-establish emotional bonds between the married women and their hometown, strengthening their cultural confidence. Solidarity, support, and historical recollections awaken their collective identity, deepening their local identity. Additionally, improved economic conditions enhance the quality and participation of the event, fostering a stronger sense of identity and support for the hometown's economic development. Furthermore, including local villagers, clan brothers, andvisitors, provided differing levels of support and recognition to the married women during the event. As a result, their sense of place identity was deepened from the familial level to the entire village, achieving an expansion from personal families to a broader sense of collective belonging. Theoretically, the research has expanded the theoretical framework concerning the relationship between newly created rural folk festival and place identity, contributing to a deeper understanding of how such customs construct place identity. Practically, it offers positive guidance on utilizing folk festival to enhance cultural integration and place identity among different ethnic groups. Well-organized and leveraged, newly created folk festival can serve as a soft governance tool that advocates cultural identity, internalizes ethical norms, and fosters social unity, thereby holding practical value for further promoting rural cultural revitalization. Lastly, it merits further contemplation whether the construction of place identity in clan villages possesses unique characteristics. This research provides practical cases and theoretical support for cross-disciplinary areas such as rural community governance, cultural construction among diverse ethnic groups, and enhancing women's rights and self-awareness.

Key words: folk festival, place identity, married women, Hakka culture, clan villages

李真, 朱竑, 谢晓如. 流动中的地方认同：以客家村庄“出嫁女回娘家”活动为例[J]. 世界地理研究, 2026, 35(4): 167-181.

Zhen LI, Hong ZHU, Xiaoru XIE. Fluid identity in places: A case study of the "Married Women Returning to Their Hometown" in Hakka Village[J]. World Regional Studies, 2026, 35(4): 167-181.

图/表 6

图1 研究案例区位图注：基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS（2024）0650号的标准地图绘制，底图无修改。

Fig.1 Location map of study cases

表1 出嫁女性群体样本人口统计学特征信息

Tab.1 Demographic characteristics of the sample of married women

人口统计变量	类别	样本数/人	比例/%
年龄/岁	30~45	8	32.0
	46~60	13	52.0
	61~75	4	16.0
受教育程度	小学	3	12.0
	初中	14	56.0
	高中及中专	6	24.0
	大专	1	4.0
	本科及以上	1	4.0
职业	个体户	4	16.0
	家庭主妇	12	48.0
	销售	1	4.0
	企业员工	7	28.0
	退休	1	4.0
居住地	广东省江门市	1	4.0
	广东省湛江市	1	4.0
	广东省珠海市	1	4.0
	广州市增城区	18	72.0
	广州市区	4	16.0

图2 “出嫁女性主体视角回乡”活动动线图

Fig.2 Route map of the "Returning to Their Hometown from the perspective of Married Women" activity

图3 出嫁女性担的“格箩”

Fig.3 “Geluo” of married women

图4 宗亲舞貔貅

Fig.4 Clan dance “PiXiu”

图5 出嫁女性回娘家活动对地方认同的影响

Fig.5 The impact of created rural folk festival on place identity： A case study of the married women returning to their hometown

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