Abstract: International cooperation is one of characteristics in the age of globalization, international energy cooperation is an important part of international cooperation. Based on the cooperation and development of oil and gas resources between China and Central Asia, the article studies on the foundation, actuality, pattern and prospect of the two sides. Considering that there is supply and demand complementary exists in the cooperation, and it lays a solid foundation for the cooperation; boiling down to the existed cooperation as two types: the cooperation on the development of oil and gas resources and the construction of pipeline about oil and gas resources, and mainly refers to Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan 3 countries; summarized 3 patterns existed in the cooperation, which is production sharing pattern, joint operation pattern and technical service pattern. In the end, on the basis of supply and demand complementary of oil and gas resources, harmonious of political environment, adjoin of geographic position and the cooperation in other fields, prospecting the broad prospect in the cooperation of oil and gas resources between China and Central Asia.