主管单位:中国科学技术协会
主办单位:中国地理学会
承办单位:华东师范大学

世界地理研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (2): 1-10.

• 世界政治与经济 •    下一篇

论地缘战略区位的主体间性—以缅甸为例

杨在月,胡志丁,惠凯,马晓东   

  1. 云南师范大学
  • 收稿日期:2016-09-21 修回日期:2016-12-02 出版日期:2017-04-15 发布日期:2017-04-23
  • 通讯作者: 胡志丁
  • 基金资助:

    我国周边大国地缘战略交汇区地缘环境演变机制研究——以缅甸为例

STUDY ON THE INTER-SUBJECTIVITY OF GEOPOLITICAL STRATEGY LOCATION——TAKING MYANMAR AS AN EXAMPLE

  • Received:2016-09-21 Revised:2016-12-02 Online:2017-04-15 Published:2017-04-23

摘要: 由于大国不断的更换地缘战略楔子,缅甸在大国之间的几轮地缘战略角逐中绝对地理位置没有改变,但其地缘战略区位价值却几经变换。随着美国重返亚太、中国“一带一路”的提出,大国在缅甸的博弈更加剧烈,其地缘战略区位的价值越发突显,引发了更多国内外学者的关注,形成了一种缅甸对中国地缘战略不可替代的观点。全文通过对海权论、心脏地带论、边缘地带论、多级世界模式、大棋局等古典和现代地缘战略理论分析,得出:不同地缘战略理论强调了不同的地缘战略区位,同时地缘战略具有主体间性,区位隶属于地缘战略,进而推导出地缘战略区位具有主体间性。并以缅甸为例,通过考察分析缅甸在二战时期、冷战期间、新中国成立初期及中国崛起之后四个时期的地缘战略区位演变状况,解释了为何在大国博弈下缅甸的绝对地理位置没有改变,但地缘战略区位的价值却发生了变化,从而进一步论证了地缘战略区位具有主体间性。最后从主体间性角度对我国未来对缅甸的地缘战略抉择提出了几点建议。

Abstract: Since the great powers adjust their geopolitical strategy wedges constantly, Myanmar's relative position in the geopolitical strategy keeps changing along with the strategic rivalry among the great powers, while its absolute geographical position stays the same. In recent years, with the US’ return to the Asia-Pacific region, China's peaceful rise and "Belt and Road Initiative" strategy, the great powers’ game in Myanmar becomes more intense, which makes the importance of Myanmar's geopolitical strategy location increasingly prominent, draws more attentions of domestic and foreign scholars to this situation, further uplifts the geopolitical strategic influence of Myanmar, even forms a view in academia that Myanmar in China's geopolitical strategy is irreplaceable. However, history shows that different subjects affect Myanmar as subjects of the Great Power Game vary in different historical periods, which makes its geographical strategic location change over time, resulting in different influence on China's geopolitical strategy. Therefore, combining with GIS research methods, through the geopolitical strategy analysis of sea power theory, theory of heart, edge theory, multilevel world model, the grand chessboard and other classical and modern theory, this paper come to a conclusion that: different geopolitical strategy theories emphasize different geopolitical strategic locations, and geopolitical strategy has its inter subjectivity, which location is subordinate to, finally deduces that geopolitical strategic location has the inter subjectivity. Taking Myanmar as an example, by researching and analyzing the geopolitical strategic location evolution status of Burma in World War II, Cold War, the early stage of People’s Republic of China and the period after China’ rise, this paper shows, in the great power game, why the value of geopolitical strategic location has changed while Myanmar's absolute location has not, which further demonstrates that the geopolitical strategic location has the characteristics of inter subjectivity, refuting the view that the geopolitical strategic location of Myanmar to China's geopolitical strategy is irreplaceable. Then, from the perspective of inter subjectivity, three suggestions are put forward to China’s future geopolitical strategy in Myanmar: Firstly, from the point of view of inter subjectivity, there is no contradiction between China and the United States in promoting democratic reform and economic development in Burma. Thus, we should continue our “cold treatment” strategy when the United States attempts to provoke China through Burma. Secondly, we should correctly understand the significance of Burma to China's geopolitical strategy. To some extent, Myanmar is very important to China, but it is not unique to China. Finally, there are a number of options for China to go out. Myanmar is not the only choice.