Abstract: Xinjiang is the upstream area in the geo-strategic situation of China. For east central government, it played as a strategic flank, barrier, rear and passageway for economic and cultural exchange in ancient and modern history. However, those were not unchangeable, the geo-strategic value of Xinjiang was largely decided by the policy and foreign strategy of central government as well as the peripheral situation. Based on military geography and economic geography in contemporary, the geo-strategic situation of Xinjiang can be divided into six parts. By analyzing the parts and the new opportunity and position brought from “One Belt, One Road”, this paper holds that the geo-strategic value of Xinjiang has changed to (1)the hub for China-Central Asia economic cooperation, (2)the barrier to control the diffusion of terrorism, (3)the strategic passageway for China to influence the geopolitics of South Asia, (4)the land support for China to construct into a maritime power.