基于文本挖掘的各国北极战略共性理念识别研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2025.08.20240512

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文以2008—2024年北极国家、北极理事会观察员国、欧盟的北极政策文件为样本，运用词频分析、聚类分析、社会语义网络分析等技术手段，对北极政策文件进行关注点挖掘和共性理念识别。研究表明：①“合作”“环境”“发展”“经济”是北极政策中关注的重点领域。②各国北极发展战略可大致划分为3个阶段：初步探索期（2008—2013年）、深化交流期（2014—2018年）和全面优化期（2019—2024年），其中各阶段均存在诸多有利于北极地区发展且延续的共性理念。主要表现为：各国在竞争与合作中具有双重取向，倾向于在“低政治”领域展开合作；科学研究在各国战略地位持续上升，且普遍提倡科研合作的共享机制；经济目标被视为核心利益之一，北极资源开发和航线建设尤其得到重视；北极地区环境保护和可持续发展被置于优先地位；各国致力于提升新威胁应对能力来抵御潜在安全风险。③各国的北极战略理念呈现出战略认知改变下的合作路径重构与安全观念转型、多维度考量与系统性应对策略下的政策构建精细化，以及国家利益维护与全球责任担当下的快速响应能力增强等特征。

关键词: 北极政策, 共性理念, 文本挖掘, 战略文本, 理念识别

Abstract:

The study analyzes the Arctic policy documents of Arctic nations, Arctic Council observer states, and the European Union from 2008 to 2024, employing word frequency analysis, cluster analysis, and socio-semantic network analysis to identify the focal points and common concepts across these documents. The results shows: ① "cooperation" "environment" "development" and "economy" are central themes in Arctic policies.② Arctic strategies can be broadly categorized into three phases: the initial exploration period (2008-2013), the period of deepened exchanges (2014-2018), and the period of comprehensive optimization (2019-2024). Throughout these phases, common concepts have emerged, supporting the development of Arctic regions. Key trends include: Nations maintaining a dual approach of competition and cooperation, especially in "low-politics" areas; A growing emphasis on scientific research, with an increasing advocacy for collaborative research sharing mechanisms; Economic objectives being central to national interests, particularly regarding the development of Arctic resources and shipping routes; Prioritization of environmental protection and sustainable development in the Arctic region; And a shared commitment to strengthening responses to new threats and mitigating potential security risks. ③ The Arctic strategies of various countries are marked by evolving cooperation pathways, a shift in security paradigms driven by strategic cognition, the refinement of policy frameworks with a multi-dimensional and systematic approach, and the enhancement of rapid response capabilities to safeguard national interests while shouldering global responsibilities.

Key words: Arctic policy;, common concepts, text mining, strategic texts, concept identification

李振福, 唐钰婷, 齐芯莉. 基于文本挖掘的各国北极战略共性理念识别研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2025, 34(8): 87-100.

Zhenfu LI, Yuting TANG, Xinli QI. Identification of common concepts of national Arctic strategies based on text mining[J]. World Regional Studies, 2025, 34(8): 87-100.

图/表 6

图1 文章研究框架

Fig.1 Framework of the research

图2 各国北极政策文件数量统计图

Fig.2 Statistical chart of arctic policy document counts by country

图3 2008—2024年北极政策文件词云图

Fig.3 Word cloud of Arctic policy documents from 2008 to 2024

图4 2008—2024年北极相关政策文件社会语义网络图

Fig.4 Social semantic network of Arctic-related policy documents （2008-2024）

表1 不同阶段划分

Tab.1 Division of different stages

阶段	时间	文本数量/份
初步探索期	2008—2013年	21
深化交流期	2014—2018年	18
全面优化期	2019—2024年	29

图5 2008—2024年北极政策文件分阶段高频词占比图

Fig.5 Word cloud of Arctic policy documents from 2008 to 2024

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