全球价值链视角下中国与印度信息产业国际竞争力的比较分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.02.2020722

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

信息产业是推动国民经济发展的重要引擎，也关乎国家未来的发展前景。目前，无论是发达国家还是新兴工业化经济体，都将提升信息产业竞争力作为关注焦点。中国和印度均高度重视信息产业，但在促进产业发展的策略和模式上截然不同。基于全球价值链的视角，运用附加值贸易数据测算中、印两国信息产业在全球价值链中的参与程度和分工地位，并从国家产业政策和区位条件的角度比较两国信息产业融入全球价值链的机制和效果。研究发现：加强“硬件”制造能显著提升中国信息产业的国际竞争力，而“软件”优先的政策导向并未改善印度信息产业的整体实力，中国优先发展“硬件”并兼顾“软件”的产业政策更有利于信息产业的高质量、可持续发展。从区位条件来看，印度缺乏全面发展“硬件”制造的基础条件，中国则为“硬件”制造和“软件”服务创造了良好的发展空间。

关键词: 全球价值链, 贸易附加值, 信息产业, 产业政策, 区位条件

Abstract:

Information industry is an important engine for national economy development, and affects the future prospects of a country. At present, both developed countries and Newly Industrializing Economies (NIES) focus on improving the competitiveness of the information industry. China and India both attach great importance to the information industry, but they take very different strategies and approaches to promote industrial development. Based on the perspective of global value chain (GVC), this paper uses TiVA(Trade in Value Added)data to measure GVC participation degree and GVC position of China and India's information industry, and compares the mechanisms and effects of the integration of information industry into GVCs from the perspective of national industrial policies and location conditions. The study shows that "hardware" manufacturing can significantly improve the international competitiveness of China's information industry, but the "software- priority" policy can't enhance the comprehensive strength of India's information industry, China's policy which give priority to "hardware" and take "software" into consideration is more conducive to high-quality and sustainable development of the information industry. In terms of location conditions, India lacks the basic conditions for the comprehensive development of "hardware" manufacturing, while China creates a broad space for the development of "hardware" manufacturing and "software" services.

Key words: global value chain, trade in value added, information industry, industrial policy, location conditions

耿溪谣, 胡洋. 全球价值链视角下中国与印度信息产业国际竞争力的比较分析[J]. 世界地理研究, 2022, 31(2): 270-279.

Xiyao GENG, Yang HU. Comparative analysis of the international competitiveness of China and India's information industry from the perspective of global value chain[J]. World Regional Studies, 2022, 31(2): 270-279.

图/表 6

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产业	TiVA	ISIC Rev 4.0
信息产业	出版、视听及广播业（a）	书籍和期刊的出版及其他出版活动，软件发行活动，电影、录像和电视节目活动，录音和音乐作品发行活动，广播和节目制作活动
	电信服务业（b）	有线电信活动，无线电信活动，卫星电信活动，其他电信活动
	IT及其他信息服务业（c）	计算机程序设计、咨询及相关活动，数据处理、储存及相关活动，门户网站及其他信息服务活动
	计算机、电子及光学产品制造业（d）	电子元件和电子板的生产，计算机和外部设备的制造，通信设备的制造，电子消费品的制造，测量、检验、导航和控制设备的制造，钟表制造，辐射、电子医疗和电子理疗设备的制造，光学仪器和摄影器材的制造，磁性媒介物和光学媒介物的制造

产业	TiVA	ISIC Rev 4.0
信息产业	出版、视听及广播业（a）	书籍和期刊的出版及其他出版活动，软件发行活动，电影、录像和电视节目活动，录音和音乐作品发行活动，广播和节目制作活动
	电信服务业（b）	有线电信活动，无线电信活动，卫星电信活动，其他电信活动
	IT及其他信息服务业（c）	计算机程序设计、咨询及相关活动，数据处理、储存及相关活动，门户网站及其他信息服务活动
	计算机、电子及光学产品制造业（d）	电子元件和电子板的生产，计算机和外部设备的制造，通信设备的制造，电子消费品的制造，测量、检验、导航和控制设备的制造，钟表制造，辐射、电子医疗和电子理疗设备的制造，光学仪器和摄影器材的制造，磁性媒介物和光学媒介物的制造

年度	出版、视听及广播业（a）		电信服务业（b）		IT及其他信息服务业（c）		计算机、电子及光学产品制造业（d）
年度	中国	印度	中国	印度	中国	印度	中国	印度
2005	0.49%	1.04%	0.09%	8.77%	0.24%	85.28%	99.18%	4.91%
2006	0.48%	0.93%	0.10%	9.78%	0.29%	84.05%	99.13%	5.24%
2007	0.86%	0.95%	0.10%	6.98%	0.24%	86.80%	98.80%	5.27%
2008	0.89%	0.81%	0.08%	7.12%	0.22%	86.36%	98.81%	5.71%
2009	0.93%	1.00%	0.09%	4.52%	0.37%	86.81%	98.61%	7.67%
2010	0.79%	0.92%	0.05%	3.28%	0.23%	89.39%	98.93%	6.41%
2011	0.82%	1.03%	0.06%	3.00%	0.29%	88.85%	98.83%	7.12%
2012	0.72%	0.96%	0.07%	2.92%	0.36%	90.80%	98.85%	5.32%
2013	0.69%	0.93%	0.07%	3.47%	0.37%	90.32%	98.87%	5.28%
2014	0.67%	0.86%	0.08%	3.39%	0.46%	91.80%	98.79%	3.95%
2015	0.72%	0.85%	0.08%	3.27%	0.42%	92.27%	98.78%	3.61%

年度	出版、视听及广播业（a）		电信服务业（b）		IT及其他信息服务业（c）		计算机、电子及光学产品制造业（d）
年度	中国	印度	中国	印度	中国	印度	中国	印度
2005	0.49%	1.04%	0.09%	8.77%	0.24%	85.28%	99.18%	4.91%
2006	0.48%	0.93%	0.10%	9.78%	0.29%	84.05%	99.13%	5.24%
2007	0.86%	0.95%	0.10%	6.98%	0.24%	86.80%	98.80%	5.27%
2008	0.89%	0.81%	0.08%	7.12%	0.22%	86.36%	98.81%	5.71%
2009	0.93%	1.00%	0.09%	4.52%	0.37%	86.81%	98.61%	7.67%
2010	0.79%	0.92%	0.05%	3.28%	0.23%	89.39%	98.93%	6.41%
2011	0.82%	1.03%	0.06%	3.00%	0.29%	88.85%	98.83%	7.12%
2012	0.72%	0.96%	0.07%	2.92%	0.36%	90.80%	98.85%	5.32%
2013	0.69%	0.93%	0.07%	3.47%	0.37%	90.32%	98.87%	5.28%
2014	0.67%	0.86%	0.08%	3.39%	0.46%	91.80%	98.79%	3.95%
2015	0.72%	0.85%	0.08%	3.27%	0.42%	92.27%	98.78%	3.61%

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