世界地理研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (2): 428-439.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.02.2020544
收稿日期:
2020-08-13
修回日期:
2020-10-11
出版日期:
2022-03-15
发布日期:
2022-03-22
通讯作者:
谢红彬
作者简介:
陈东军(1992-),男,博士,讲师,研究方向为自然保护地教育利用及文化与旅游地理,E-mail: dongjun925@163.com。
基金资助:
Dongjun CHEN1(), Ding YANG2, Hongbin XIE3()
Received:
2020-08-13
Revised:
2020-10-11
Online:
2022-03-15
Published:
2022-03-22
Contact:
Hongbin XIE
摘要:
研学旅游是进行体验式教育和研究性学习的教育旅游活动,在国家政策和市场需求的共同作用下蓬勃发展。本研究根据《研学旅行服务规范》构建了包括讲解及教育、交通、食宿、医疗及救助等服务要素的研学旅游服务能力综合评价体系,采用云模型评价方法对黄山、绍兴、安阳、绵阳和桂林五个首批中国研学旅游目的地城市进行实证对比与分析。结果表明:(1)讲解及教育是影响研学旅游服务能力最为关键的服务要素;(2)五地研学旅游服务能力评价结果为:黄山市和安阳市为高,绍兴市和桂林市为中,绵阳市为低,各地需根据各自发展现状及特点改善各项服务以综合提升研学旅游服务能力;(3)初步构建的评价体系可结合云模型方法对地方研学旅游服务能力进行综合评价。本研究为研学旅游的服务能力评价及产业发展提供科学参考。
陈东军, 杨定, 谢红彬. 研学旅游服务能力评价体系构建与实证研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2022, 31(2): 428-439.
Dongjun CHEN, Ding YANG, Hongbin XIE. Construction and empirical analysis of the study travel service ability[J]. World Regional Studies, 2022, 31(2): 428-439.
目标层 | 服务项目 | 代号 | 指标因子 | 单位 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
研学旅游服务能力 | 讲解及教育服务 (0.3575) | A级景区及研学实践教育基地数量 | 个 | 0.0935 | |
教育从业人数 | 万人 | 0.0696 | |||
旅行社个数 | 个 | 0.0971 | |||
旅行社从业人数 | 人 | 0.0971 | |||
交通服务 (0.2602) | 年客运量 | 万人次 | 0.0968 | ||
城市道路面积 | 万平方米 | 0.0882 | |||
城市道路长度 | 公里 | 0.0752 | |||
食宿服务 (0.1582) | 住宿和餐饮业法人单位数 | 个 | 0.0881 | ||
住宿和餐饮业从业人数 | 万人 | 0.0703 | |||
医疗及救助服务 (0.2240) | 医疗机构数 | 个 | 0.0715 | ||
医疗床位数 | 张 | 0.0756 | |||
医疗技术人员数 | 人 | 0.0769 |
表1 研学旅游服务能力评价指标体系
Tab.1 Evaluation index system of study travel service capacity
目标层 | 服务项目 | 代号 | 指标因子 | 单位 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
研学旅游服务能力 | 讲解及教育服务 (0.3575) | A级景区及研学实践教育基地数量 | 个 | 0.0935 | |
教育从业人数 | 万人 | 0.0696 | |||
旅行社个数 | 个 | 0.0971 | |||
旅行社从业人数 | 人 | 0.0971 | |||
交通服务 (0.2602) | 年客运量 | 万人次 | 0.0968 | ||
城市道路面积 | 万平方米 | 0.0882 | |||
城市道路长度 | 公里 | 0.0752 | |||
食宿服务 (0.1582) | 住宿和餐饮业法人单位数 | 个 | 0.0881 | ||
住宿和餐饮业从业人数 | 万人 | 0.0703 | |||
医疗及救助服务 (0.2240) | 医疗机构数 | 个 | 0.0715 | ||
医疗床位数 | 张 | 0.0756 | |||
医疗技术人员数 | 人 | 0.0769 |
指标 | 评价等级 | ||
---|---|---|---|
低 | 中 | 高 | |
(0.000 0, 0.058 3) | [0.058 3, 0.304 4) | [0.304 4, 1.000 0) | |
(0.000 0, 0.145 7) | [0.145 7, 0.362 8) | [0.362 8, 1.000 0) | |
(0.000 0, 0.247 6) | [0.247 6, 0.554 9) | [0.554 9, 1.000 0) | |
(0.000 0, 0.107 8) | [0.107 8, 0.327 1) | [0.327 1, 1.000 0) | |
(0.000 0, 0.361 9) | [0.361 9, 0.692 4) | [0.692 4, 1.000 0) |
表2 各指标的评价等级划分(部分)
Tab.2 The level division of evaluation index
指标 | 评价等级 | ||
---|---|---|---|
低 | 中 | 高 | |
(0.000 0, 0.058 3) | [0.058 3, 0.304 4) | [0.304 4, 1.000 0) | |
(0.000 0, 0.145 7) | [0.145 7, 0.362 8) | [0.362 8, 1.000 0) | |
(0.000 0, 0.247 6) | [0.247 6, 0.554 9) | [0.554 9, 1.000 0) | |
(0.000 0, 0.107 8) | [0.107 8, 0.327 1) | [0.327 1, 1.000 0) | |
(0.000 0, 0.361 9) | [0.361 9, 0.692 4) | [0.692 4, 1.000 0) |
指标 | 低 | 中 | 高 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.029 1 | 0.024 7 | 0.010 0 | 0.181 3 | 0.104 5 | 0.010 0 | 0.652 2 | 0.295 4 | 0.010 0 | |
0.072 9 | 0.061 9 | 0.010 0 | 0.254 2 | 0.092 2 | 0.010 0 | 0.681 4 | 0.270 6 | 0.010 0 | |
0.123 8 | 0.105 1 | 0.010 0 | 0.401 2 | 0.130 5 | 0.010 0 | 0.777 4 | 0.189 0 | 0.010 0 | |
0.053 9 | 0.045 8 | 0.010 0 | 0.217 4 | 0.093 1 | 0.010 0 | 0.663 6 | 0.285 7 | 0.010 0 | |
0.180 9 | 0.153 7 | 0.020 0 | 0.527 2 | 0.140 4 | 0.020 0 | 0.846 2 | 0.130 6 | 0.020 0 |
表3 各指标的云模型特征值(部分)
Tab.3 The cloud model’s eigenvalues of evaluation index
指标 | 低 | 中 | 高 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.029 1 | 0.024 7 | 0.010 0 | 0.181 3 | 0.104 5 | 0.010 0 | 0.652 2 | 0.295 4 | 0.010 0 | |
0.072 9 | 0.061 9 | 0.010 0 | 0.254 2 | 0.092 2 | 0.010 0 | 0.681 4 | 0.270 6 | 0.010 0 | |
0.123 8 | 0.105 1 | 0.010 0 | 0.401 2 | 0.130 5 | 0.010 0 | 0.777 4 | 0.189 0 | 0.010 0 | |
0.053 9 | 0.045 8 | 0.010 0 | 0.217 4 | 0.093 1 | 0.010 0 | 0.663 6 | 0.285 7 | 0.010 0 | |
0.180 9 | 0.153 7 | 0.020 0 | 0.527 2 | 0.140 4 | 0.020 0 | 0.846 2 | 0.130 6 | 0.020 0 |
指标及服务项 | 黄山市 | 绍兴市 | 安阳市 | 绵阳市 | 桂林市 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
高 | 高 | 低 | 中 | 中 | |
中 | 高 | 低 | 中 | 中 | |
高 | 中 | 低 | 低 | 高 | |
高 | 中 | 低 | 低 | 高 | |
低 | 低 | 高 | 中 | 高 | |
低 | 高 | 高 | 中 | 低 | |
中 | 中 | 中 | 高 | 低 | |
高 | 高 | 低 | 中 | 中 | |
高 | 中 | 高 | 低 | 中 | |
低 | 低 | 高 | 高 | 中 | |
中 | 中 | 中 | 高 | 低 | |
中 | 高 | 高 | 高 | 低 | |
讲解及教育服务 | 高 | 中 | 低 | 低 | 中 |
交通服务 | 低 | 中 | 高 | 中 | 低 |
食宿服务 | 高 | 中 | 低 | 低 | 中 |
医疗及救助服务 | 中 | 中 | 高 | 高 | 低 |
综合服务 | 高 | 中 | 高 | 低 | 中 |
表4 五地研学旅游服务能力评价结果
Tab.4 Evaluations of the study travel service capacity of five cities
指标及服务项 | 黄山市 | 绍兴市 | 安阳市 | 绵阳市 | 桂林市 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
高 | 高 | 低 | 中 | 中 | |
中 | 高 | 低 | 中 | 中 | |
高 | 中 | 低 | 低 | 高 | |
高 | 中 | 低 | 低 | 高 | |
低 | 低 | 高 | 中 | 高 | |
低 | 高 | 高 | 中 | 低 | |
中 | 中 | 中 | 高 | 低 | |
高 | 高 | 低 | 中 | 中 | |
高 | 中 | 高 | 低 | 中 | |
低 | 低 | 高 | 高 | 中 | |
中 | 中 | 中 | 高 | 低 | |
中 | 高 | 高 | 高 | 低 | |
讲解及教育服务 | 高 | 中 | 低 | 低 | 中 |
交通服务 | 低 | 中 | 高 | 中 | 低 |
食宿服务 | 高 | 中 | 低 | 低 | 中 |
医疗及救助服务 | 中 | 中 | 高 | 高 | 低 |
综合服务 | 高 | 中 | 高 | 低 | 中 |
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[1] | 陈东军, 谢红彬. 我国研学旅游发展与研究进展[J]. 世界地理研究, 2020, 29(3): 598-607. |
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