基于“蓝带计划”的英国海外领地海洋保护与规划实践及启示

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.08.20220099

世界地理研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 37-50.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.08.20220099

基于“蓝带计划”的英国海外领地海洋保护与规划实践及启示

赵胜波¹^,²(), 王兴平¹^,³(), 戴宜顺¹

^1.东南大学建筑学院, 南京 210096
^2.牛津大学地理与环境系, 牛津 OX1 3QY
^3.中国城市规划学会国外城市规划学术委员会, 北京 100037

收稿日期:2022-02-15 修回日期:2022-04-22 出版日期:2023-08-15 发布日期:2023-09-07
通讯作者: 王兴平
作者简介:赵胜波（1991—），男，博士研究生，研究方向为境外产业园区发展与规划，E-mail：shengbo2016@seu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
中国科协“一带一路”国际科技组织合作平台建设项目(2022ZZGJB041422)

Practice and planning of marine conservation in British overseas territories and the enlightenments based on the Blue Belt Programme

Shengbo ZHAO¹^,²(), Xingping WANG¹^,³(), Yishun DAI¹

^1.School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
^2.School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, the UK
^3.Foreign Urban Planning Academic Committee, Urban Planning Society of China, Beijing 100037, China

Received:2022-02-15 Revised:2022-04-22 Online:2023-08-15 Published:2023-09-07
Contact: Xingping WANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

“蓝带计划”是英国海外领地海洋环境保护与管理的重要政策框架。本文对“蓝带计划”框架下英国海外领地的海洋环境保护与管理工作成效、主要策略、海洋保护规划体系进行梳理，并选择《阿森松岛海洋保护区管理规划（2021—2026）》作为典型规划案例进行解读，以了解英国海外领地的海洋保护与规划实践。从保护与管理工作、保护规划两个维度总结英国的相关经验，其中海洋保护与管理经验包括制定多元化的保护与管理策略、探索开放务实的工作机制、推动技术创新与应用、重视工作进度与成效；海洋保护规划经验包括构建陆海统筹多层级规划体系、多元主体共促规划实施、规划实施监测评估与动态反馈等。之后，本文探讨了对我国海洋保护及海洋空间规划的启示。

关键词: 英国, “蓝带计划”, 海洋保护, 规划, 海外领地

Abstract:

The Blue Belt Programme is an important policy framework of the UK for marine environmental protection and management in its overseas territories. To know about the practice and planning of marine conservation in the British Overseas Territories (BOTs), we reviewed the work performance and main strategies of marine environmental protection and management and the marine conservation planning system in the BOTs within the Blue Belt Programme, and analyzed the Ascension Island Marine Protected Area Management Plan 2021-2026 as typical planning case. The experience of the UK was summarized from two perspectives of practice and planning. The experience in marine environmental protection and management includes formulating diversified protection and management strategies, exploring open and pragmatic working mechanisms, promoting technological innovation and application, and emphasizing work progress and effectiveness. The experience in marine conservation planning includes framing the multi-tiered land-sea integrated planning system, jointly promoting the implementation with multiple stakeholders engaged, monitoring and evaluating the implementation with dynamic feedback, etc. Then, the enlightenments for China's marine conservation and marine spatial planning were discussed.

Key words: the UK, Blue Belt Programme, marine conservation, planning, overseas territories

赵胜波, 王兴平, 戴宜顺. 基于“蓝带计划”的英国海外领地海洋保护与规划实践及启示[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(8): 37-50.

Shengbo ZHAO, Xingping WANG, Yishun DAI. Practice and planning of marine conservation in British overseas territories and the enlightenments based on the Blue Belt Programme[J]. World Regional Studies, 2023, 32(8): 37-50.

图/表 7

图1 参与“蓝带计划”的英国海外领地分布注：该图基于国家测绘地理信息局标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS（2016）2945的标准地图制作，底图无修改；图上标记点仅示意位置，未指代具体行政边界。

Fig.1 The distribution of British overseas territories joining in the Blue Belt Programme

图2 英国海外领地海洋保护与管理策略框架

Fig.2 Strategic framework for marine conservation and management in the UK overseas territories

表1 “蓝带计划”框架下英国各海外领地海洋保护与管理策略

Tab.1 Marine protection and management strategies for the UK overseas territories under the Blue Belt Programme

策略地区	财年	保护与管理策略
策略地区	财年	了解和保护生物多样性	强化治理	管理人为影响	支持可持续的渔业管理	支持合规和执行	能力建设
阿森松岛	2017	√	√	√	√	√
	2018	√	√			√
	2019	√	√		√
	2020		√		√	√
圣赫勒拿岛	2017	√	√	√	√	√
	2018	√	√	√	√	√	√
	2019	√	√	√	√	√
	2020	√	√	√	√	√	√
特里斯坦-达库尼亚岛	2017	√	√	√	√	√
	2018	√	√	√	√	√	√
	2019	√	√	√	√
	2020	√	√	√		√
英属印度洋领地	2017		√		√	√
	2018		√	√
	2019			√		√
	2020			√		√
皮特凯恩群岛	2017		√		√	√
	2018	√	√	√		√
	2019	√	√	√
	2020	√	√	√
南乔治亚与南桑威奇群岛	2017	√	√		√	√
	2018	√	√		√	√
	2019	√			√	√
	2020	√			√	√
英属南极领地	2017				√
	2018				√
	2019				√
	2020				√	√

图3 圣赫勒拿岛及近海区域栖息地地图注：由圣赫勒拿栖息地地图网站改绘，网址：https：//data.saeri.org/saeri_webgis/lizmap/www/index.php/view/map/？repository=01sh&project=saint_helena_web。

Fig.3 Habitat map of Saint Helena and offshore areas

图4 英国海外领地跨区域保护与管理策略框架

Fig.4 Strategic framework for trans-regional conservation and management in the UK overseas territories

图5 英国海外领地海洋保护规划体系与城市规划体系、英国海洋规划体系的关系

Fig.5 The relationship between the marine protection planning system of the UK overseas territories and the urban planning system and marine planning system in the UK

图6 《阿森松岛海洋保护区管理规划（2021-2026）》基本框架注：作者依据《规划》整理绘制

Fig.6 The basic framework for the Ascension Island Marine Protected Area Management Plan 2021-2026

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基于“蓝带计划”的英国海外领地海洋保护与规划实践及启示

Practice and planning of marine conservation in British overseas territories and the enlightenments based on the Blue Belt Programme

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