Abstract: The Kyoto protocol performance progress of Annex I countries was assessed in this paper based on the UNFCCC and IEA database. There are three major types of country in Annex I countries: Umbrella group countries, European Union countries, Economic transforming countries. The study found that the carbon emissions from different types of countries show different characteristics. Since 1990, the carbon emissions from Umbrella group countries remained increasing in all concentrations; The European unity gain a 8% emission abatement targets though the completion status is different in each country; Economic transforming countries achieve maximum cuts in emission. Germany and the UK have a larger extent to achieve carbon reduction. A case study on the two countries showed that the major reason of carbon reduction is the energy structure adjustment (e.g. the proportion of coal falling and the weight of natural gas increasing) and the foreign trade transfer emissions. Intensity of energy use and carbon emission of both EU and economic transforming countries are relatively stable, thus, the potential of emission reduction is limited.