Abstract: As a country in the Middle East is also China an important strategic partner of Iran is located in the transportation hub of the Silk Road, a scientific and reasonable measure of population spatial distribution pattern of its evolution in Iraq to maintain economic and political stability is of practical significance, can also enrich the world geography research field of Middle East region of typical cases.This article adopts population distribution imbalance index,population gravity center distribution, population density and other indicators to research and explain the characteristics of Iran's population space distribution pattern evolution form 1986 to 2016 by using GIS technology.The results show that:ran's population mainly concentrated in in the northwest of Central Plateau , the plains of Caspian Sea coast , the east and the southwest t of mountain area population densities are low, population and natural geographical environment, economic development level are both consistent with each other .The population shift number of Iran's northwest always lead of population other area ,the track of population gravity center movement failed to break through the space path dependence inertia trend;he Iranian population is dispersedly?distributed before they tend to be concentrated, high concentration areas are mainly distributed in Iran's north, the northwest mountains ,the peripheral of Tehran and borders Central Plateau , and gradually extend from the area to the southeast direction.Low concentrated area are mainly distributed in the east and the southwest and changes little.The trend of Iran's total population spatial distribution pattern evolution for nearly 30 years is high level city as the leading growth track.