Abstract: Analysis of planting structure and its regional changes of primary crops will have a significant influence on enhancing food provision ability, providing guidance to the layout of crop production, and maintaining food security in Laos. Using the approaches of time-series trend and gravity center based on the crop statistics provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT, 1961-2013) and Laos Statistical Yearbook (1976-2013) at the national and provincial scales, we quantified the spatial-temporal pattern of crop production from the view of planting structure and planting proportion changing trend in Laos from 1976 to 2013. The results indicated that: 1) the agriculture production in Laos has achieved much development since 1976. The planting area increased by 2.1 times and the total crop output increased by 7.5 times in the last decades. However, the yield level is still very low, less than 3 t/hm2. The provincial crop production and layout fluctuated significantly due to regional differences of natural conditions and resource endowments. 2) Gravity centers analysis of crops planting area and output showed a southward trend as a whole during 1976-2013. By contrast, crop production in southern part of Laos has more advantages, holding the potential in become the potential grain production base in the future. 3) The planting structure was largely adjusted in Laos during 1976-2013. The related diversities were significantly increased by 4.4 times and the crop planting structure has transformed from simple to multiple. However, the planting structure is still dominated by monoculture, especially the grain crops. With respect to cereal changing types, the pattern has transformed from rice-only planting to the combination of grain and economic crops.