Abstract: Based on the statistical data of the top 500 private enterprises in China from 2010 to 2017, this paper uses Arcgis10.2 for spatial analysis to analyze the spatial agglomeration of China's private enterprises in the top 500, and discusses the influencing factors that influence the enterprise' layout with SPSS22.0.The research shows that: ①The spatial distribution of the top 500 private enterprises in China is basically in line with the economic pattern, which shows the "East strong West weak" features and turns out that the central region has a gradually rising trend②Overall, the enterprise has a large dispersion, small cluster of multi-core cluster mode. From 2010 to 2017, the agglomeration of the 500 private enterprises has decreased but the agglomeration area has been expanded. ③From the perspective of the agglomeration process of each industry, the second industry in 2012 and 2017 has more agglomeration areas , which appeared in central Inner Mongolia, the central of Sichuan, the north of Hunan, and has also appeared in the central part of Liaoning; Nearly eight years of the tertiary industry agglomeration's degree has declined year by year and the spatial distribution of the enterprise and the correlation distance is gradually weakened, this is mainly due to our country's industrial structure has been continuously to optimized and the central region has risen after 2014.④According to the influence factors of enterprise space distribution, economic development, market environment and public policy environment are the key factors that influenced the distribution of enterprises.