巴基斯坦能源发展演变特征分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.06.2018266

世界地理研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (6): 50-58.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.06.2018266

巴基斯坦能源发展演变特征分析

屈秋实¹^,²(), 王礼茂¹^,²(), 牟初夫¹^,², 熊琛然¹^,², 方叶兵¹^,²^,³

^1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所，北京 100101
^2.中国科学院大学资源与环境学院，北京 100049
^3.安徽师范大学地理与旅游学院，安徽芜湖 241003

收稿日期:2018-06-26 修回日期:2018-10-06 出版日期:2019-12-15 发布日期:2020-03-27
通讯作者: 王礼茂
作者简介:屈秋实（1990-），女，博士研究生，研究方向为能源经济，E-mail：quqs.16b@igsnrr.ac.cn。
基金资助:
科技部重点研发计划项目(2016YFA0602800);国家自然科学基金项目(41971163);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA20010202)

The evolution characteristics of energy development in Pakistan

Qiushi QU¹^,²(), Limao WANG¹^,²(), Chufu MOU¹^,², Chenran XIONG¹^,², Yebing FANG¹^,²^,³

^1.Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
^2.College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, UCAS, Beijing 100049, China
^3.College of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241003, China

Received:2018-06-26 Revised:2018-10-06 Online:2019-12-15 Published:2020-03-27
Contact: Limao WANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以巴基斯坦能源为研究对象，在对巴基斯坦各类能源发展情况进行概述的基础上，通过能源生产、能源消费和能源结构变化，总结了1971—2016年巴基斯坦能源发展演变特征。结果表明：巴基斯坦能源种类丰富，但本国能源生产不足，难以满足经济社会发展对能源需求，能源短缺现象严重，本国能源供需差额处于逐年扩大态势，供需差额平均年增加5.7%。巴基斯坦能源生产和消费结构以天然气占主导，其次为石油，水能、煤炭和核能以及新能源，各类能源生产结构占比分别为80 $∶$ 9 $∶$ 6 $∶$ 4 $∶$ 1 $∶$ 0.14；各类能源消费结构占比为49 $∶$ 33 $∶$ 9 $∶$ 6 $∶$ 2 $∶$ 1。巴基斯坦能源进口量日益增加，但随着本国能源大量开采，巴基斯坦对外依存度整体减弱，从1971年的75%下降至2016年的32%。

关键词: 能源生产, 能源消费, 能源结构, 演变特征, 巴基斯坦

Abstract:

In this research, the characteristics of energy development in Pakistan were studied, and the status of various kinds of energy were summarized. Furthermore,the conditions of energy production, consumption and structure from 1971 to 2016 were revealed through the indicators like energy production elasticity and energy intensity per GDP. The results indicated that there has a wide variety of energy in Pakistan, but energy production is difficult to meet the energy demand. The average annual growth rate of margin is about 5.7% between domestic energy supply and demand and that is still increasing. The energy production and consumption structure of Pakistan is dominated by natural gas, followed by oil, water energy, coal and nuclear energy and new energy. The production proportion of all kinds of energy structure is 80: 9: 6: 4: 1: 0.14, and the consumption is 49: 33, 10: 9: 6: 2: 1. In Pakistan, the energy imports have been increasing,but energy external dependence has been reducing from 75% in 1971 to 32% in 2016 with the large number of domestic energy being developed.

Key words: energy production, energy consumption, energy structure, evolution characteristics, Pakistan

屈秋实, 王礼茂, 牟初夫, 熊琛然, 方叶兵. 巴基斯坦能源发展演变特征分析[J]. 世界地理研究, 2019, 28(6): 50-58.

Qiushi QU, Limao WANG, Chufu MOU, Chenran XIONG, Yebing FANG. The evolution characteristics of energy development in Pakistan[J]. World Regional Studies, 2019, 28(6): 50-58.

图/表 8

图1 巴基斯坦能源生产变化与GDP增长率

Fig.1 Pakistan's energy production and GDP growth rate

图2 不同类型国家能源消费量对比图

Fig.2 Energy consumption of different types of countries

图3 1971—2016年巴基斯坦一次能源消费量与变化率

Fig.3 Pakistan's primary energy consumption and change rate in 1971-2016

图4 巴基斯坦和印度能源消耗强度

Fig.4 Energy consumption intensity of Pakistan and India

图5 巴基斯坦能源生产结构图

Fig.5 Pakistan energy production structure

图6 巴基斯坦能源消费结构图

Fig.6 Pakistan energy consumption structure

图 7 1971—2016年巴基斯坦能源产消差

Fig.7 The margin between consumption and production of Parkistan in1971-2016

图8 巴基斯坦能源生产结构（a）和消费结构图（b）（1971-2016年平均占比）

Fig.8 The structure of energy production（a） and consumption（b） in Pakistan in1971-2016

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巴基斯坦能源发展演变特征分析

The evolution characteristics of energy development in Pakistan

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