全球化背景下国际移民社会融合研究综述与展望

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2020.02.2018511

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

21世纪以来，全球化进程加速，国际移民成为研究热点问题，而当前欧美学界针对移民社会融合的研究具有三方面特征：首先，国际移民社会融合的维度呈现多样化；其次，移民社会融合的主动性及其对社区空间的塑造作用成为研究热点；最后，研究视角存在“方法论上的民族主义”和“政治正确的价值倾向”。与之相对，国内学界对国际移民社会融合的研究能够准确地把握国家背景、政治制度、移民政策对移民社会融合的影响作用；以及在全球化背景下国际移民在世界城市快速流动的旅居者特性，且充分注意到移民的多元性和融合的开放性。而不足之处在于，缺少对于社会融合多尺度、多维度的探讨；缺乏对于不同族裔、不同类型的移民群体间社会融合路径、模式、机制的比较。新形势下，国内研究有必要超越西方学者的思考，探讨国际移民社会融合的中国路径，为我国城市解决全球化带来的国际移民融合问题提供新思路。

关键词: 国际移民, 社会融合, 同化适应, 多元共存, 空间隔离

Abstract:

Since the new millennium, the process of globalization has accelerated and international migration has become a hot issue. The current research on the social integration of immigrants in European and American academic circles has three characteristics: first, the dimension of social integration of international immigrants is diversified; Secondly, the initiative of social integration of immigrants and its shaping role in community space has become a research hotspot; There are “methodological nationalism” and “the value tendency of political correctness” in the research perspective. In contrast, the domestic academic research on the social integration of international immigrants can accurately grasp the impact of national background, political system, immigration policy on the social integration of immigrants, as well as the characteristics of the rapid flow of international migrants in the world's cities in the context of globalization, and pay full attention to the diversity of migrants and the openness of integration. The deficiencies lie in the lack of discussion on the multi-scale and multidimensional degree of social integration, and in the lack of comparison of the path, mode and mechanism of social integration among different ethnic groups and different types of immigrants. In the new era of China’s development, it is necessary for domestic scholars to go beyond the thinking of Western researchers and explore the “Chinese approach for the social integration of international immigrants”, so as to provide new ideas for China’s cities to solve the social problems brought by the international migration under the context of globalization.

Key words: international migration, social integration, assimilation and adaptation, pluralistic coexistence, spatial segregation

黄旭, 刘怀宽, 薛德升. 全球化背景下国际移民社会融合研究综述与展望[J]. 世界地理研究, 2020, 29(2): 397-405.

Xu HUANG, Huaikuan LIU, Desheng XUE. A review and prospect of social integration of international immigrants in the era of globalization[J]. World Regional Studies, 2020, 29(2): 397-405.

图/表 1

参考文献 54

1	薛德升, 黄耿志, 翁晓丽, 等. 改革开放以来中国城市全球化的发展过程. 地理学报, 2010, 65(10): 1155-1162.
	Xue D, Huang G, Weng X, et al. Urban globalization process of China’s cities since the early 1980s. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2010, 65(10): 1155-1162.
2	刘云刚, 陈跃. 广州日本移民族裔经济的形成及其社会空间特征. 地理学报, 2014, 69(10): 1533-1546.
	Liu Y, Chen Y. Global economy, local landscape: Study on ethnic economy of Japanese expatriates in Guangzhou City. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(10): 1533-1546.
3	刘云刚, 陈跃. 1990年代以来在华跨国移民动态特征. 世界地理研究, 2014, 23(4): 1-13.
	Liu Y, Chen Y. Dynamics and features of transnational immigrants in China since 1990s. World Regional Studies, 2014, 23(4): 1-13.
4	李志刚, 杜枫. 中国大城市的外国人“族裔经济区”研究: 对广州“巧克力城”的实证. 人文地理, 2012, 27(6): 1-6.
	Li Z, Du F. The transnational making of ‘chocolate city’ in Guangzhou. Human Geography, 2012, 27(6): 1-6.
5	周雯婷, 刘云刚, 全志英. 全球化背景下在华韩国人族裔聚居区的形成与发展演变: 以北京望京为例. 地理学报, 2016, 71(4): 649-665.
	Zhou W, Liu Y, Jeon J. Making, development and transformation of South Korean enclave in China: A case study of Wangjing, Beijing. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(4): 649-665.
6	周雯婷, 刘云刚. 上海古北地区日本人聚居区族裔经济的形成特征. 地理研究, 2015, 34(11): 2179-2194.
	Zhou W, Liu Y. Characteristics of the Japanese ethnic economy in the Gubei Japanese enclave of Shanghai city, China. Geographical Research, 2015, 34(11): 2179-2194.
7	李志刚. 广州国际移民区的社会空间景观. 南京: 东南大学出版社, 2016.
	Li Z. Socio-spatial landscape of immigrant enclaves in Guangzhou. Nanjing: Southeast University Press, 2016.
8	王辉耀. 中国国际移民报告2015. 北京: 社会科学文献出版社, 2015.
	Wang H. Annual report on Chinese international migration (2015). Beijing: Social Science Academic Press (China), 2015.
9	Musterd S. Segregation and integration: A contested relationship. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 2003, 29(4): 623-641.
10	Park R E, Burgess E W. Introduction to the Science of Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969.
11	Gordon M. Assimilation in American life: The role of race, religion and national origins. New York: Oxford University Press, 1964.
12	Sassen S. Rebuilding the global city: Economy, ethnicity, and space. Social Justice, 1993, 20(3-4): 32-50.
13	Hurh W M, Kim K C. Adhesive sociocultural adaptation of Korean immigrants in the U.S.: An alternative strategy of minority adaptation.The International migration review, 1984, 18(2): 188-216.
14	Morawa E, Erim Y. Acculturation and depressive symptoms among Turkish immigrants in Germany. International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health, 2014, 11(9): 9503-9521.
15	Berger M, Galonska C, Koopmans R. Political integration by a detour? Ethnic communities and social capital of migrants in Berlin. Journal of Ethnic & Migration Studies, 2004, 30(3): 491-507.
16	Moztarzadeh A. Psychological and sociocultural adaptation: Acculturation, depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction among older Iranian immigrants in Canada. Clinical Gerontologist, 2015, 38(2): 114-130.
17	Sim L L, Yu S M, Han S S. Public housing and ethnic integration in Singapore. Habitat International, 2003, 27(2): 293-307.
18	Valentine G. Living with difference: Reflections on geographies of encounters. Progress in Human Geography, 2008, 32(3): 323-337.
19	Van Houtum H, Van Naerssen T. Bordering, ordering and othering. Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie, 2002, 93(2): 125-136.
20	Portes A, Fernandez-Kelly P, Haller W. The adaptation of the immigrant second generation in America: A theoretical overview and recent evidence. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 2009, 35(7): 1077-1104.
21	Ellen I G. Race-based neighborhood projection: A proposed framework for understanding new data on racial integration. Urban Studies, 2000, 37(9): 1513-1533.
22	Lemanski L C. Desegregation and integration as linked or distinct? Evidence from a previously ‘white’ suburb in post-apartheid Cape Town. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 2006, 30(3): 564–586.
23	Logan J R, Alba R D, Zhang W Q. Immigrant enclaves and ethnic communities in New York and Los Angeles. American Sociological Review, 2002, 67(2): 299-322.
24	Sabatini F, Salcedo R. Gated communities and the poor in Santiago, Chile: Functional and symbolic integration in a context of aggressive capitalist colonization of lower-class areas. Housing Policy Debate, 2007, 18(3): 577-606.
25	Oldfield S. Urban networks, community organizing and race: An analysis of racial integration in a desegregated South African neighborhood. Geoforum, 2004, 35(2): 189-201.
26	Mathews G. Ghetto at the center of the world: Chungking Mansions. Hong Kong: University of Chicago Press, 2011.
27	Harvey D. Rebel cities: From the right to the city to the urban revolution. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 2012.
28	Rasinski KA,Lee L,Haggerty C.Functional and social neighborhood integration of leaseholders relocated into public and private housing by the Chicago housing authority’s plan for transformation.Housing Policy Debate,2010,20(1): 65-89.
29	Dixon J, Durrheim K, Tredoux C, et al. A Paradox of integration? Interracial contact, prejudice reduction, and perceptions of racial discrimination. Journal of Social Issues, 2010, 66(2): 401-416.
30	Hou J. Transcultural cities: Border-crossing and place-making. New York: Routledge, 2013.
31	Wejnert C. Social network analysis with respondent-driven sampling data: A study of racial integration on campus. Social Networks, 2010, 32(2): 112-124.
32	Spierings B, Van Der Velde M. Cross-border differences and unfamiliarity: Shopping mobility in the Dutch-German Rhine-Waal Euroregion. European Planning Studies, 2013, 21(1): 5-23.
33	Lennox C. Racial integration, ethnic diversity, and prejudice: Empirical evidence from a study of the British National Party. Oxford Economic Papers-New Series, 2012, 64(3): 395-416.
34	Main K, Sandoval G F. Placemaking in a trans-local receiving community: The relevance of place to identity and agency. Urban Studies, 2015, 52(1): 71-86.
35	Ostergaard-Nielsen E. Codevelopment and citizenship: The nexus between policies on local migrant incorporation and migrant transnational practices in Spain. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 2011, 34(1): 20-39.
36	Juzwiak T, Mcgregor E, Siegel M. Migrant and refugee integration in global cities, the role of cities and businesses[R]. The Hague: The Hague Process on Refugees and Migration, 2014.
37	Schiller N G, Caglar A. Locating migrant pathways of economic emplacement: Thinking beyond the ethnic lens. Ethnicities, 2013, 13(4): 494-514.
38	Butcher M. Ties that bind: the strategic use of transnational relationships in demarcating identity and managing difference. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 2009, 35(8): 1353-1371.
39	Miraftab F. Emergent transnational spaces: Meat, sweat and global (re)production in the heartland. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 2012, 36(6): 1204-1222.
40	严庆. 民族整合的理念、格局与举措. 政治学研究, 2015(1): 11-20.
	Yan Q. The concept, pattern and measures of ethnic social integration. CASS Journal of Political Science, 2015(1): 11-20.
41	刘国福, 刘宗坤. 出入境管理法与国际移民. 北京: 法律出版社, 2013.
	Liu G, Liu Z. Exit and entry administration law and international migration. Beijing: Law Press (China), 2013.
42	高子平. 我国外籍人才引进与技术移民制度研究. 上海: 上海社会科学院出版社, 2012.
	Gao Z. A study of foreign talents and technical immigration system in China. Shanghai: Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Press, 2012.
43	李明欢. 国际移民政策研究. 厦门: 厦门大学出版社, 2011.
	Li M. Research on international migration policy. Xiamen: Xiamen University Press, 2011.
44	Wu F L, Webber K. The rise of “foreign gated communities” in Beijing: Between economic globalization and local institutions. Cities, 2004, 21(3): 203-213.
45	钱前, 甄峰, 王波. 南京国际社区社会空间特征及其形成机制: 基于对苜蓿园大街周边国际社区的调查. 国际城市规划, 2013, 28(3): 98-105.
	Qian Q, Zhen F, Wang B. Social-spatial characteristics and mechanism of international community in Nanjing: A case study of Muxuyuan Street. Urban Planning International, 2013, 28(3): 98-105.
46	刘云刚, 陈跃. 全球化背景下的中国移民政策: 评述与展望. 世界地理研究, 2015, 24(1): 1-10+37.
	Liu Y, Chen Y. Remarks on Chinese migration policy within globalizing urbanization. World Regional Studies, 2015, 24(1): 1-10+37.
47	Lu Y, Ruan D, Lai G. Social capital and economic integration of migrants in urban China. Social Networks, 2013, 35(3): 357-369.
48	蔡晓梅, 朱竑. 高星级酒店外籍管理者对广州地方景观的感知与跨文化认同. 地理学报, 2012, 67(8): 1057-1068.
	Cai X, Zhu H. Foreign managers’ perception on urban landscape of place and their cross-cultural identity: A case study in Guangzhou. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(8): 1057-1068.
49	宋伟轩, 吕陈, 徐旳. 城市社区微观空间意象研究: 基于南京居民250份手绘草图的比较. 地理研究, 2011, 30(4): 709-722.
	Song W, Lv C, Xu D. Study on spatial image of community based on comparison of 250 sketch maps drawn by residents in Nanjing. Geographical Research, 2011, 30(4): 709-722.
50	Schiller N G, Caglar A. Towards a comparative theory of locality in migration studies: Migrant incorporation and city scale. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 2009, 35(2): 177-202.
51	冯健, 吴芳芳. 质性方法在城市社会空间研究中的应用. 地理研究, 2011, 30(11): 1956-1969.
	Feng J, Wu F. The application of qualitative research method in urban socio-spatial structure research. Geographical Research, 2011, 30(11): 1956-1969.
52	Beck A, Corak M, Tienda M. Age at immigration and the adult attainments of child migrants to the United States. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2012, 643(1): 134-159.
53	柴彦威, 赵莹. 时间地理学研究最新进展. 地理科学, 2009, 29(4): 593-600.
	Chai Y, Zhao Y. Recent development in time geography. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2009, 29(4): 593-600.
54	Crul M, Schneider J. Comparative integration context theory: Participation and belonging in new diverse European cities. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 2010, 33(7): 1249-1268.

[1]	周杰, 唐顺英. 在青岛的韩国人的社会融合研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(2): 158-165.
[2]	杨家蕊, 符文颖. 当代国际移民创业研究进展[J]. 世界地理研究, 2020, 29(3): 480-490.