中部地区创新产出空间差异及影响因素研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2020.01.2018412

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用标准差、变异系数、空间自相关分析和空间计量经济模型等方法，对1986—2016年中部地区创新产出的时空差异演变及影响因素进行研究。结果表明：1）中部地区区域创新产出的绝对差异在2006年前增加缓慢，其后开始明显拉大，2010年后急剧增大，相对差异大致可以分为下降、缓慢上升、波动上升三个阶段；2）1986—2016年中部地区创新产出空间格局大致稳定，创新产出表现突出的区域主要是省会城市；3）在1990年、1998年和2006年中部地区的创新产出空间集聚性不显著，在2016年中部地区创新产出开始呈现出正相关性空间集聚性，基本形成以安徽省部分地市为中心的“高-高”集聚地带；4）空间关联、集聚效应、创新联系等新经济地理因素对中部地区地市创新产出差异较大；5）经济状况、传统基础设施及FDI对创新产出作用较大，通讯基础设施和集聚互动对创新产出的影响程度一般，而教育水平对产业的需求因素最小。

关键词: 创新产出, 中部地区, 新经济地理学, 空间计量经济分析

Abstract:

Adopting the methods of the standard deviation, variation coefficient, spatial auto-correlation analysis, spatial econometric model and so on, this paper studied the spatial and temporal variation of innovation output in Central China from 1986 to 2016 and its influencing factors. The results show that（1）The absolute difference in regional innovation output in the central region began to increase slowly in the years before 2006. Then it began to grow significantly. After 2010, there was a sharp increase. The relative differences can be roughly divided into three stages: the decline, the slow rise and the wavelike rise fluctuation.（2）From 1986 to 2016, the spatial pattern of innovation output in the central region is basically stable, and the region with outstanding innovation output is mainly the provincial capital city.（3）In 1990, 1998 and 2006, the central region of the innovation output spatial agglomeration sex was not significant, in 2016, the central region innovation output began to present a positive correlation between spatial agglomeration, the basic form in some cities in Anhui province as the center of the "high -high" agglomeration zone.（4）The new economic geography factors such as spatial correlation, agglomeration effect and innovation relation have great difference to the innovation output in the central region.（5）Economic situation, infrastructure and FDI have great impact on innovation output, and communication infrastructure and agglomeration interaction have a general impact on innovation output. And education level has the least demand factor for the industry.

Key words: innovation output, Central Region, new economic geography, spatial econometric analysis

张建伟, 梁常安, 黄蕊琦, 李萌萌. 中部地区创新产出空间差异及影响因素研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2020, 29(1): 159-167.

Jianwei ZHANG, Chang'an LIANG, Ruiqi HUANG, Mengmeng LI. Spatial differences and influencing factors of innovation output in Central China[J]. World Regional Studies, 2020, 29(1): 159-167.

图/表 5

图 1 1986—2016年中部地区市域创新产出标准差与变异系数变化

Fig.1 Evolution of standard deviation and coefficient of variation of innovation output in the Central Region from 1986 to 2016

表1 1986—2016年间中部地区创新产出类型

Tab.1 Innovation output types in the central region from 1986 to 2016

类型	1990年	1998年	2006年	2016年
高	长沙	武汉	长沙	合肥、武汉
较高	武汉	长沙、郑州	武汉	郑州、芜湖、长沙
一般	太原	合肥、南昌、太原	郑州	安庆、南昌
低	鄂州、随州、长治、怀化、吕梁、临汾、周口、漯河、运城、黄山、信阳、等	娄底、驻马店、商丘、永州、新余、岳阳、上饶、忻州、潜江、怀化、阳泉、等	天门、景德镇、晋中、黄山、仙桃、临汾、宿州、宣城、阜阳、许昌、宜昌、等	马鞍山、襄阳、九江、湘潭、荆州、淮南、十堰、衡阳、淮北、常德、上饶、等

表2 1990—2016年中部地区创新产出全局自相关系数 (1990-2016)

Tab.2 Moran’s I of innovation output of the Central Region,

时间	1990	1998	2006	2016
Moran’s I	0.0436	-0.0039	0.0025	0.1421
z	1.0595	0.1250	0.2431	2.3502
P	0.1240	0.6660	0.2900	0.0300

图2 1990—2016年中部地区市域创新产出LISA集聚图

Fig.2 LISA Map of innovation output in City of the Central Region from 1990 to 2016

图3 中部地区创新投入产出的区位基尼系数比较

Fig.3 The Gini coefficient comparison of input and output of innovation in Central China

参考文献 34

1	樊杰,刘汉初.“十三五”时期科技创新驱动对我国区域发展格局变化的影响与适应.经济地理, 2016,36(1):1-9.
	Fan J, Liu H. The impact and adaptation of the driving force of scientific and technological innovation on the change of regional development pattern in China during the 13th Five Year Plan period. Economic geography, 2016,36(1):1-9.
2	苗长虹,艾少伟.“学习场”结构与空间中的创新.经济地理, 2009,29(7): 1057-1063.
	Miao C, AI S. Innovation in the structure and space of "learning field". Economic geography, 2009,29(7):1057-1063.
3	邓羽,司月芳.西方创新地理研究评述.地理研究,2016,35(11):2041-2052.
	Deng Y, Si Y. Review of Western innovative geography research. Geography research, 2016,35(11):2041-2052.
4	王俊松,颜燕,胡曙虹.中国城市技术创新能力的空间特征及影响因素——基于空间面板数据模型的研究.地理科学,2017,37(1):11-18.
	Wang J, Yan Y, Hu S. Spatial characteristics and influencing factors of China's urban technological innovation capacity -- research based on spatial panel data model. Geographic sciences,2017,37(1):11-18.
5	Crescenzi R, Rodriguez-Pose A, Storper M. The territorial dynamics of innovation in China and India. Journal of Economic Geography, 2012,12(5):1055-1085.
6	尚勇敏,曾刚.科技创新推动区域经济发展模式转型:作用和机制.地理研究,2017,36(12):2279-2290.
	Shang Y, Zeng G. Transformation of regional economic development model driven by technological innovation: role and mechanism. Geography research, 2017,36(12):2279-2290.
7	王春杨,张超.中国地级区域创新产出的时空模式研究——基于ESDA的实证.地理科学,2014,34(12):1438-1444.
	Wang C, Zhang C. Spatiotemporal model of regional innovation output in China -- empirical research based on ESDA. Geographic sciences, 2014,34(12):1438-1444.
8	吕国庆,曾刚,顾娜娜.经济地理学视角下区域创新网络的研究综述.经济地理,2014,34(2):1-8.
	Lv G, Zeng G, Gu N.Research review of regional innovation network from the perspective of economic geography. Economic geography,2014,34(2):1-8.
9	司月芳,曾刚,曹贤忠,等.基于全球—地方视角的创新网络研究进展.地理科学进展,2016,35(5):600-609.
	Si Y, Zeng G, Cao X, et al. Research progress of innovative networks from a global local perspective. Progress in Geosciences, 2016,35(5):600-609.
10	周灿,曾刚,曹贤忠.中国城市创新网络结构与创新能力研究.地理研究,2017,36(7):1297-1308.
	Zhou C, Zeng G, Cao X. Research on innovation network structure and innovation ability of Chinese cities. Geography research, 2017,36(7):1297-1308.
11	方远平,谢蔓.创新要素的空间分布及其对区域创新产出的影响——基于中国省域的ESDA-GWR分析.经济地理, 2012,32(9):8-14.
	Fang Y, Xie M. Spatial distribution of innovation factors and its impact on regional innovation output -- ESDA-GWR analysis based on China's provinces. Economic geography, 2012,32(9):8-14.
12	牛方曲,刘卫东.中国区域科技创新资源分布及其与经济发展水平协同测度.地理科学进展,2012,31(2):149-155.
	Niu F, Liu W. The distribution of regional scientific and technological innovation resources in China and the measurement of its synergy with the level of economic development. Progress in Geosciences, 2012,31(2):149-155.
13	沈宏婷,陆玉麒,沈惊宏.中国省域创新投入—创新产出—创新效益的时空耦合研究.经济地理,2017,37(6):17-22+35.
	Shen H, Lu Y, Shen J. Research on spatio-temporal coupling of innovation input -- innovation output -- innovation benefit in Chinese provinces. Economic geography,2017,37(6):17-22+35.
14	祝影,曹盛.中国省域外资研发与自主创新的耦合协调发展研究.经济地理,2015,35(10):29-35+49.
	Zhu Y, Cao S. Research on the coupling and coordinated development of provincial foreign R&D and independent innovation in China. Economic geography, 2015,35(10):29-35+49.
15	颜子明,杜德斌,刘承良,等.西方创新地理研究的知识图谱可视化分析.地理学报,2018,73(02):362-379.
	Yan Z, Du D, Liu C, et al. Visualization analysis of knowledge map in western innovation geography. Acta geographica sinica, 2008,73(02):362-379.
16	蒋天颖.我国区域创新差异时空格局演化及其影响因素分析.经济地理,2013,33(6):22-29.
	Jiang T. Spatial and temporal pattern evolution of regional innovation differences in China and its influencing factors. Economic geography, 2013,33(6):22-29.
17	王庆喜,张朱益.我国省域创新活动的空间分布及其演化分析.经济地理,2013(10):8-15.
	Wang Q, Zhang Z. Spatial distribution and evolution analysis of provincial innovation activities in China. Economic geography, 2013(10):8-15.
18	李国平,王春杨.我国省域创新产出的空间特征和时空演化——基于探索性空间数据分析的实证.地理研究,2012,31(1):95-106.
	Li G, Wang C.Spatial characteristics and spatiotemporal evolution of provincial innovation output in China: An Empirical Study Based on exploratory spatial data analysis. Geographic research, 2012,31(1): 95-106.
19	何舜辉,杜德斌,焦美琪,等.中国地级以上城市创新能力的时空格局演变及影响因素分析.地理科学,2017,37(7):1014-1022.
	He S, Du D, Jiao M, et al. Analysis on the spatial and temporal pattern evolution and influencing factors of innovation capacity of cities above prefecture level in China. Geosciences, 2017,37(7):1014-1022.
20	熊曦,魏晓.国家自主创新示范区的创新能力评价——以我国10个国家自主创新示范区为例.经济地理,2016,36(1):33-38.
	Xiong X, Wei X. Evaluation of innovation capacity of national independent innovation demonstration zones: taking 10 national independent innovation demonstration zones as an example. Economic geography, 2016,36(1):33-38.
21	张建伟,石江江,王艳华,等.长江经济带创新产出的空间特征和时空演化.地理科学进展,2016,35(9):1119-1128.
	Zhang J, Shi J, Wang Y, et al. Spatial characteristics and temporal and spatial evolution of innovation output in the Yangtze River economic belt. Progress in Geosciences, 2016,35(9):1119-1128.
22	滕堂伟,方文婷.新长三角城市群创新空间格局演化与机理.经济地理,2017,37(4):66-75.
	Teng T, Fang W. Evolution and mechanism of innovation spatial pattern of new Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. Economic geography, 2017,37(4):66-75.
23	蒋天颖.浙江省区域创新产出空间分异特征及成因.地理研究,2014,33(10):1825-1836.
	Jiang T. Spatial differentiation characteristics and causes of regional innovation output in Zhejiang Province. Geographic research, 2014,33(10):1825-1836.
24	张建伟,窦攀烽,张永凯,等.江苏省县域创新产出的空间计量经济分析.干旱区地理, 2017,40(1):222-229.
	Zhang J, Dou P, Zhang Y, et al. Spatial econometric analysis of county innovation output in Jiangsu Province. Geography of arid areas, 2017,40(1):222-229.
25	孙瑜康,孙铁山,席强敏.北京市创新集聚的影响因素及其空间溢出效应.地理研究,2017,36(12):2419-2431.
	Sun Y, Sun T, Xi Q. Influencing factors and spatial spillover effects of innovation agglomeration in Beijing. Geographic research, 2017,36(12):2419-2431.
26	何键芳,张虹鸥,叶玉瑶,等.广东省区域创新产出的空间相关性研究. 经济地理, 2013,33(2):117-121.
	He J, Zhang Ho, Ye Y, et al. Spatial correlation of regional innovation output in Guangdong Province. Economic geography, 2013,33(2):117-121.
27	金凤君,王姣娥,杨宇,等.东北地区创新发展的突破路径与对策研究. 地理科学, 2016,36(09):1285-1292.
	Jin F, Wang J, Yang Y, et al. Research on the breakthrough path and Countermeasures of innovation and development in Northeast China. Geosciences, 2016,36(09):1285-1292.
28	宋周莺,车姝韵,王姣娥.东北地区的创新能力演化及其经济带动作用分析. 地理科学, 2016,36(9):1388-1396.
	Song Z, Che S, Wang J. Analysis on the evolution of innovation capacity and its economic driving effect in Northeast China. Geographic science, 2016,36(9):1388-1396.
29	孙瑜康,李国平,袁薇薇,等.创新活动空间集聚及其影响机制研究评述与展望. 人文地理, 2017,32(5):17-24.
	Sun Y, Li G, Yuan W, et al. Review and Prospect of research on spatial agglomeration of innovation activities and its influence mechanism. Human geography, 2017,32(5):17-24.
30	张战仁.创新空间溢出的差异影响研究述评. 经济地理, 2012,32(11):34-37+51.
	Zhang Z. Research review on the impact of innovation space overflow differences. Economic geography,2012,32(11):34-37+51.
31	王承云,孙飞翔.长三角城市创新空间的集聚与溢出效应. 地理研究, 2017,36(6):1042-1052.
	Wang C, Sun F. Agglomeration and spillover effects of urban innovation space in the Yangtze River Delta. Geographic research, 2017,36(6):1042-1052.
32	王鹏,李健,张亮.中部地区自主创新能力评价及提升路径分析. 中国工业经济, 2011(05):37-46.
	Wang P, Li J, Zhang L. Evaluation and path analysis of independent innovation capacity in Central China. China industrial economy, 2011(05):37-46.
33	吴玉鸣.大学、企业研发与区域创新的空间统计与计量分析.数理统计与管理，2007.27(2):318-324.
	Wu Y. Spatial statistics and econometric analysis of university, enterprise R & D and regional innovation. Mathematical statistics and management, 2007.27(2)-318-324.
34	张战仁.我国区域创新差异的形成机制研究——基于新经济地理学的实证分析.软科学,2013,27(6):64-68.
	Zhang Z. Research on the formation mechanism of regional innovation differences in China -- Empirical analysis based on new economic geography. Soft science, 2013,27(6):64-68.

[1]	卞丽蓉, 姜海宁, 杨梦君. 长三角高校海外回流人才创新产出格局分析[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(6): 1219-1229.
[2]	张建伟, 黄蕊琦, 李萌萌, 王艳华, 姜海宁. 豫皖湘赣承接产业转移与创新产出的非均衡格局及影响因素研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2020, 29(5): 1017-1028.
[3]	李建新钟业喜. 中部地区城市体系空间结构特征研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2015, 24(02): 78-87.
[4]	刘春. 基于社会网络方法的中部地区城市群旅游空间结构研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2015, 24(02): 167-176.
[5]	王圣云王圣云. 基于人类福祉视角的中部地区碳排放绩效与效应分解[J]. 世界地理研究, 2014, 23(03): 169-176.