数字地理视角的乡村研究及展望

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2020.06.2019306

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在数字技术日渐渗透进日常生活世界的过程中，数字技术成为地理学研究关注的对象，地理学研究出现“数字转向”。在以城市为主体的数字地理研究不断涌现之时，乡村也日益融入全球信息与技术网络过程中，数字技术的发展向乡村渗透，乡村的“数字化”研究理应受到重视。数字技术在多个层面影响乡村的发展，从城乡数字鸿沟、乡村重构和后人文主义视角下的身体三个角度梳理数字地理研究背景下数字技术对乡村的影响。城乡数字鸿沟是乡村数字技术研究关注的重点。信息通信技术、数字基础设施等的城乡差异使得城乡数字鸿沟扩大，而乡村的数字化发展有利于推动城乡互联互通，缩减城乡鸿沟。乡村在与数字技术邂逅过程中，日益转变为混杂空间，数字技术重构了乡村性和乡村关系网络。在后人类主义的视域下，数字技术的发展改变了身体的意义。数字技术发展背景下的身体实践能够反映乡村社会中人地关系互动的变化，也深化了对人类主体能动性的认识。呼应地理学的“数字转向”，研究从城乡、乡村和身体尺度思考数字技术与乡村发展的关系，有益于从其相互联系中探索乡村振兴的多元化路径，为乡村研究和乡村振兴提供新的思路。

关键词: 数字地理, 数字技术, 城乡鸿沟, 乡村重构, 身体

Abstract:

With the gradual penetration of digital technology into the daily life world, digital technology has become the focus of geographical research, and geographical research has appeared the "digital turn". With the emergence of digital geographies research focusing on cities and the integration of rural areas into the global information and technology network, digital technology continue to penetrate into rural areas. The research on "digitization" of rural areas should be taken seriously. Digital technology affects the development of rural areas at multiple levels. This paper analyzes the impact of digital technology on rural areas under the background of digital geographies research from the perspectives of urban-rural digital divide, rural reconstruction and post-humanism. Urban and rural digital divide is the focus of rural digital technology research. Differences in information and communication technology and digital infrastructure widen the digital gap between urban and rural areas, and the digital development of rural areas is conducive to promoting urban and rural connectivity and narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas. In the process of encountering with digital technology, the countryside is increasingly transformed into a mixed space, and digital technology reconstructs the rurality and rural relationship network. In the post-human perspective, the development of digital technology has changed the meaning of the body. The body is the space of the smallest scale. The body practice under the development of digital technology can reflect the changes in the interaction between man and land in rural society, and deepen the understanding of human subject's initiative. In response to the "digital turn" of geography, the study of the relationship between digital technology and rural development from the perspective of urban and rural, rural and physical dimensions is beneficial to explore the diversified path of rural revitalization from their mutual connection, and provide new ideas for rural research and rural revitalization.

Key words: digital geographies, digital technology, urban-rural digital divide, rural reconstruction, body

王盈盈, 王敏. 数字地理视角的乡村研究及展望[J]. 世界地理研究, 2020, 29(6): 1248-1259.

Yingying WANG, Min WANG. Rural research and prospect from the perspective of digital geographies[J]. World Regional Studies, 2020, 29(6): 1248-1259.

参考文献 99

1	Lunenfeld P. Screen grabs: The digital dialectic and new media//Lunenfeld P. The digital dialectic: New essays on new media. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999: xiv-xxi.
2	Madge C, O'Connor H. Mothers in the making? Exploring liminality in cyber/space. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 2005, 30(1): 1-40.
3	Elwood S, Leszczynski A. New spatial media, new knowledge politics. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 2013, 38(4): 544-559.
4	Ash J, Kitchin R, Leszczynski A. Digital turn, digital geographies?. Progress in Human Geography, 2018, 42(1): 25-43.
5	McLean J, Maalsen S, Prebble S. A feminist perspective on digital geographies: Activism, affect and emotion, and gendered human-technology relations in Australia. Gender, Place & Culture, 2019, 26(5): 740-761.
6	Zook M, Dodge M, Aoyama Y, et al. New digital geographies: Information, communication,and place// Brunn S D, Cutter S L, Harringtonjr J W. Geography and Technology. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 2004: 155-178.
7	Ash J, Anderson B, Gordon R, et al. Unit, vibration, tone: A post-phenomenological method for researching digital interfaces. Cultural Geographies, 2018, 25(1): 165-181.
8	Boulton A, Zook M. Landscape, media locative, and the duplicity of code//Johnson N C, et al. The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Cultural Geography. Chichester: Wiley, 2013: 437-451.
9	Rose G. Rethinking the geographies of cultural 'objects' through digital technologies: Interface, network and friction. Progress in Human Geography, 2016, 40(3): 334-351.
10	龙花楼, 张杏娜. 新世纪以来乡村地理学国际研究进展及启示. 经济地理, 2012, 32(8): 1-7.
	Long H, Zhang X. Progress in international rural geography research since the turn of the new millennium and some implications. Economic Geography, 2012, 32(8): 1-7.
11	Grimes S. Exploiting information and communication technologies for rural development. Journal of Rural Studies, 1992, 8(3): 269-278.
12	Akca H, Sayili M, Esengun K. Challenge of rural people to reduce digital divide in the globalized world: Theory and practice. Government Information Quarterly, 2007, 24(2): 404-413.
13	Wallace C, Vincent K, Luguzan C, et al. Information technology and social cohesion: A tale of two villages. Journal of Rural Studies, 2016, 54: 426-434.
14	张新红. 张新红: 共享经济可能会成为乡村振兴的突破口. [2018-07-26]. http://www.xinhuanet.com/expo/2018-07/26/c_1123182412.htm. [Zhang X. Zhang Xinhong: The sharing economy may be the breakthrough point for rural revitalization. [2018-07-26]. http://www.xinhuanet.com/expo/2018-07/26/c_1123182412.htm.]
15	Townsend L, Sathiaseelan A, Fairhurst G, et al. Enhanced broadband access as a solution to the social and economic problems of the rural digital divide. Local Economy, 2013, 28(6): 580-595.
16	Salemink K, Strijker D, Bosworth G. Rural development in the digital age: A systematic literature review on unequal ICT availability, adoption, and use in rural areas. Journal of Rural Studies, 2017, 54: 360-371.
17	Roberts E, Beel D, Philip L, et al. Rural resilience in a digital society: Editorial. Journal of Rural Studies, 2017, 54: 1-5.
18	Kitchin R, Dodge M. Code/Space: Software and everyday life. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2011: 3-21.
19	Pink S, Fors V. Being in a mediated world: self-tracking and the mind-body-environment. Cultural Geographies, 2017, 24(3):1-14.
20	Rose G. Posthuman agency in the digitally mediated city: Exteriorization, individuation, reinvention. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 2017, 107(4): 779-793.
21	陶伟, 王绍续, 朱竑. 广州拾荒者的身体实践与空间建构. 地理学报, 2017, 72(12): 2199-2213.
	Tao W, Wang Z, Zhu H. Scavengers' bodily practices and spatial construction in Guangzhou. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(12): 2199-2213.
22	Hollands, Robert G. Will the real smart city please stand up?. City, 2008, 12(3): 303-320.
23	Furuholt B, Kristiansen S. A rural-urban digital divide? Regional aspects of internet use in Tanzania. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 2007, 31(1): 1-15.
24	Rao S S, Thompson J B. Bridging digital divide: Efforts in India. Telematics and Informatics, 2005, 22(4): 361-375.
25	Gilbert M R, Masucci M, Homko C, et al. Theorizing the digital divide: Information and communication technology use frameworks among poor women using a telemedicine system. Geoforum, 2008, 39(2): 912-925.
26	Velaga N R, Beecroft M, Nelson J D, et al. Transport poverty meets the digital divide: accessibility and connectivity in rural communities. Journal of Transport Geography, 2012, 21: 102-112.
27	Philip L, Cottrill C, Farrington J, et al. The digital divide: Patterns, policy and scenarios for connecting the 'final few' in rural communities across Great Britain. Journal of Rural Studies, 2017, 54: 386-398.
28	Sarah S. Hot spots and not spots: Addressing infrastructure and service provision through combined approaches in rural Scotland. Sustainability, 2010, 2(6): 1719-1741.
29	Michailidis A, Partalidou M, Nastis S A, et al. Who goes online? Evidence of Internet use patterns from rural Greece. Telecommunications Policy, 2011, 35(4): 333-343.
30	Kitchin D R. Code and the transduction of space. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 2005, 95(1): 162-180.
31	Graham M. Time machines and virtual portals: the spatialities of the digital divide. Progress in Development Studies, 2011, 11(3): 211-227.
32	Graham M, Zook M, Boulton A. Augmented reality in urban places: Contested content and the duplicity of code. Social Science Electronic Publishing, 2013, 38(3): 464-479.
33	Kitchin R, Lauriault T P, Mcardle G. Knowing and governing cities through urban indicators, city benchmarking and real-time dashboards. Regional Studies, Regional Science, 2015, 2(1): 6-28.
34	Papastergiadis N, McQuire S, Gu X, et al. Mega screens for mega cities. Theory, Culture & Society, 2013, 30(7-8): 325-341.
35	Díaz-Puente José M, Gallego F J, Vidueira P, et al. Information as a key tool for rural development. 25 years of experience in Spain. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2012, 46: 1208-1212.
36	刘骏, 薛伟贤. 中国城乡数字鸿沟对城市化的阻尼效应及其形成途径. 图书情报知识, 2013(6): 32-38.
	Liu J, Xue W. The drag effect on urbanization from urban-rural digital divide and its formation way in China. Documentation,Information & Knowledge, 2013(6): 32-38.
37	Graham M. Warped geographies of development: The Internet and theories of economic development. Geography Compass, 2008, 2(3): 771-789.
38	Malecki E J. Digital development in rural areas: Potentials and pitfalls. Journal of Rural Studies, 2003, 19(2): 201-214.
39	Woods M. Rural geography: Blurring boundaries and making connections. Progress in Human Geography, 2009, 33(6): 849-858.
40	Heilig G K. Information society and the countryside: Can Internet-based systems bring income alternatives to rural areas?. Rural Areas & Development, 2003, 1: 65-79.
41	王敏, 马纯莉, 朱竑. "互联网+"时代下的乡村地方品牌建构——以从化市良口镇三村为例. 经济地理, 2017, 37(1): 115-122.
	Wang M, Ma C, Zhu H. Rural local brand construction in "Internet +" Era: Case study of Liangkou Town in Conghua. Economic Geography, 2017, 37(1): 115-122.
42	Zhu S, Chen J. E-commerce use in urbanising China: the role of normative social influence. Behaviour & Information Technology, 2016, 35(5): 1-11.
43	陈宏伟, 张京祥. 解读淘宝村: 流空间驱动下的乡村发展转型. 城市规划, 2018, 42(9): 97-105.
	Chen H, Zhang J. Taobao villages: Rural development transformation driven by the space of flow. City Planning Review, 2018, 42(9): 97-105.
44	王丽华, 俞金国, 张小林. 国外乡村社会地理研究综述. 人文地理, 2006, 21(1): 100-105.
	Wang L, Yu J, Zhang X. Review on literature of social rural geography overseas. Human Geography, 2006, 21(1): 100-105.
45	Stern M J, Adams A E. Do rural residents really use the Internet to build social capital? An empirical investigation. American Behavioral Scientist, 2010, 53(9): 1389-1422.
46	Lægran A S. The petrol station and the Internet café: Rural technospaces for youth. Journal of Rural Studies, 2002, 18(2): 157-168.
47	Chen R S, Liu I F. Research on the effectiveness of information technology in reducing the Rural-Urban Knowledge Divide. Computers & Education, 2013, 63: 437-445.
48	龙花楼, 屠爽爽. 论乡村重构. 地理学报, 2017, 72(4): 563-576.
	Long H, Tu S. Rural restructuring: Theory, approach and research prospect. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(4): 563-576.
49	Wilson G A. Post-productivist and multifunctional agriculture//Kitchin R, Thrift N. International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, UK, Oxford: Elsevier, 2009: 379-386.
50	Murdoch J, Pratt A C. Rural studies: Modernism, postmodernism and the 'post-rural'. Journal of Rural Studies, 1993, 9(4): 411-427.
51	吕祖宜, 林耿. 混杂性: 关于乡村性的再认识. 地理研究, 2017, 36(10): 1873-1885.
	Lv Z, Lin G. Hybridity: Rethinking rurality. Geographical Research, 2017, 36(10): 1873-1885.
52	Edensor T. Performing Rurality//Cloke P, et al. Handbook of rural studies. London: Sage, 2006: 484-495.
53	Woods M. Performing rurality and practicing rural geography. Progress in Human Geography, 2010, 34: 835-846.
54	Halfacree K, Boyle P. rurals Relational, Rurality and the Post-Productivist Countryside//Boyle P, et al. Migration into rural areas: Theories and issues. Chichester: Wiley, 1998: 1-12.
55	吴昕晖, 袁振杰, 朱竑. 全球信息网络与乡村性的社会文化建构——以广州里仁洞"淘宝村"为例. 华南师范大学学报:自然科学版, 2015, 47(2): 115-123.
	Wu X, Yuan Z, Zhu H. Global information network and the social and cultural construction of rurality: A case based on "Taobao" village in Guangzhou. Journal of South China Normal University: Natural Science Edition, 2015, 47(2): 115-123.
56	杨思, 李郇, 魏宗财, 等. "互联网+"时代淘宝村的空间变迁与重构. 规划师, 2016, 32(5): 117-123.
	Yang S, Li X, Wei Z, et al. Spatial transition and restructuring of Taobao villages in Internet+ Era. Planners, 2016, 32(5): 117-123.
57	王鹤霏. 农村电商扶贫发展存在的主要问题及对策研究. 经济纵横, 2018(5): 102-106.
	Wang H. Research on the main problems and countermeasures of the development of E-commerce poverty reduction in rural areas. Economic Review Journal, 2018(5): 102-106.
58	Li Y P, Zhang H Q, Zhang D, et al. Mediating urban transition through rural tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 2019, 75: 152-164.
59	Hojeghan S B, Esfangareh A N. Digital economy and tourism impacts, influences and challenges. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2011, 19: 308-316.
60	Martin, Chris J. The sharing economy: A pathway to sustainability or a nightmarish form of neoliberal capitalism?. Ecological Economics, 2016, 121: 149-159.
61	樊立惠, 王鹏飞, 王成, 等. 中国农村空间商品化与乡村重构及其研究展望. 地理科学, 2019, 39(2): 316-324.
	Fan L, Wang P, Wang C, et al. Commodification of rural spaces and rural restructuring and their future research directions in China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2019, 39(2): 316-324.
62	Heley J, Jones L. Relational rurals: Some thoughts on relating things and theory in rural studies. Journal of Rural Studies, 2012, 28(3): 208-217.
63	Müller Martin. Assemblages and Actor-networks: Rethinking socio-material power, politics and space. Geography Compass, 2015, 9(1): 27-41.
64	Jones L, Heley J, Woods M. Unravelling the global wool assemblage: Researching place and production networks in the global countryside. Sociologia Ruralis, 2019, 59(1): 137-158.
65	Murdoch J. Co-constructing the countryside: Hybrid networks and the extensive self//Cloke P. Country visions. London: Pearson, 2003: 263-282.
66	Woods M. Engaging the global countryside: Globalization, hybridity and the reconstitution of rural place. Progress in Human Geography, 2007, 31(4):485-507.
67	Murdoch J. Inhuman, nonhuman, human: Actor-network theory and the prospects for a non dualistic and symmetrical perspective on nature and society. Environment and Planning D, 1997, 15(6): 731-756.
68	艾少伟, 苗长虹. 从"地方空间"、"流动空间"到"行动者网络空间": ANT视角. 人文地理, 2010 (2): 43-49.
	Ai S, Miao C. "Space of places", "space of flows" and "space of actor-networks": From the perspective of ANT. Human Geography, 2010 (2): 43-49.
69	Latour B. Reassembling the social: An introduction to actor-network-theory new edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007: 1-263.
70	Leszczynski A. Spatial media/tion. Progress in Human Geography, 2015, 39(6): 729-751.
71	Lundgren A S, Johansson A. Digital rurality: Producing the countryside in online struggles for rural survival. Journal of Rural Studies, 2017, 51: 73-82.
72	Wilken R. Places nearby: Facebook as a location-based social media platform. New Media & Society, 2014, 16(7): 1087-1103.
73	王盈盈, 谢漪, 王敏. 精准扶贫背景下农村电商关系网络与地方营造研究——以广东省五华县为例. 世界地理研究, 2017, 26(6): 119-130.
	Wang Y, Xie Y, Wang M. Rural E-commerce relational network and place making under the background of targeted poverty reduction—Case study of Wuhua county. World Regional Studies, 2017, 26(6): 119-130.
74	Dixon D P, Whitehead M. Editorial: Technological trajectories: Old and new dialogues in geography and technology studies. Social & Cultural Geography, 2008, 9(6): 601-611.
75	Thrift N. Non-representational Theory: Space, Politics, Affect. London: Routledge, 2008: 1-254.
76	Hayles K. How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Incformatics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999: 3.
77	Laughlin C. The evolution of cyborg consciousness. Anthropology of Consciousness, 1997, 8: 144-159.
78	Ihde Don. Bodies in Technology. Minnessta: University of Minnesota Press, 2001: xi-xx.
79	杨庆峰. 物质身体、文化身体与技术身体——唐•伊德的"三个身体"理论之简析. 上海大学学报(社会科学版), 2007, 14(1): 12-17.
	Yang Q. Material body, cultural body and technological body——A brief analysis of Don Ihde's theory of the "Three Bodies". Journal of Shanghai University(Social Sciences Edition), 2007, 14(1): 12-17.
80	Abrahamsson S, Simpson P. The limits of the body: Boundaries, capacities, thresholds. Social & Cultural Geography, 2011, 12(4): 331-338.
81	陶伟, 王绍续, 朱竑. 身体、身体观以及人文地理学对身体的研究. 地理研究, 2015, 34(6): 1173-1187.
	Tao W, Wang S, Zhu H. The body, the view of body, and the study of body in human geography. Geographical Research, 2015, 34(6): 1173-1187.
82	Little J, Leyshon M. Embodied rural geographies: Developing research agendas. Progress in Human Geography, 2003, 27(3): 257-272.
83	Carolan M S. More-than-representational knowledge/s of the countryside: How we think as bodies. Sociologia Ruralis, 2008, 48: 408-422.
84	Williams S, Marcello E, Klopp J M. Toward open source Kenya: Creating and sharing a GIS database of Nairobi. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 2014, 104(1): 114-130.
85	陈瑞华. "地方再造": 农村青年媒介行为的文化隐喻. 中国青年研究, 2019(2): 94-101.
	Chen R. Local reconstruction: Cultural metaphor of rural youth's media behavior. China Youth Study, 2019(2): 94-101.
86	Valentine G, Holloway S L. A window on the wider world? Rural children's use of information and communication technologies. Journal of Rural Studies, 2001, 17(4): 383-394.
87	Longhurst R. Mothering, digital media and emotional geographies in Hamilton, Aotearoa New Zealand. Social & Cultural Geography, 2015, 17(1):1-20.
88	Rich E. Gender, health and physical activity in the digital age: Between postfeminism and pedagogical possibilities. Sport Education and Society, 2018, 23(8): 736-747.
89	Hester P. New body-geographies: the embodied spaces of health and medical information on the Internet. Environment & Planning D: Society & Space, 2002, 20(1): 73-96.
90	Liu Yansui, Li Yuheng. Revitalize the world's countryside. Nature, 2017, 548(7667): 275-277.
91	龙花楼, 张英男, 屠爽爽. 论土地整治与乡村振兴. 地理学报, 2018, 73(10): 1837-1849.
	Long H, Zhang Y, Tu S. Land consolidation and rural vitalization. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018, 73(10): 1837-1849.
92	乔金亮. 从数字农业、乡村旅游,到培育农业产业化龙头企业和联合体——快看,中央一号文件里的机会. 经济日报, 2019-02-257. .
	Qiao J. agriculture Digital, tourism rural, to the cultivation of agricultural industrialization leading enterprises and consortiums -- look at the opportunities in the Central Document No. 1. Economic Daily, 2019-02-257. .
93	白冬冬, 孙中伟. 我国淘宝村的空间组织与地理根植性. 世界地理研究, 2019, 28(1): 121-129.
	Bai D, Sun Z. The spatial organization and geographic embeddedness of Taobao village in China. World Regional Studies, 2019, 28(1): 121-129.
94	张嘉欣, 千庆兰, 陈颖彪, 等. 空间生产视角下广州里仁洞"淘宝村"的空间变迁. 经济地理, 2016, 36(1): 120-126.
	Zhang J, Qian Q, Chen Y, et al. The spatial change of Tao Bao village in Lirengdong, Guangzhou in the perspective of spatial production. Economic Geography, 2016, 36(1): 120-126.
95	安宁, 朱竑. 后人文主义视角下的中国地缘政治话语研究. 地理科学, 2018, 38(6): 838-848.
	An N, Zhu H. Examining Chinese geopolitical discourses under the theoretical framework of posthumanism. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2018, 38(6): 838-848.
96	甄峰, 秦萧, 席广亮. 信息时代的地理学与人文地理学创新. 地理科学, 2015, 35(1): 11-18.
	Zhen F, Qin X, Xi G. The innovation of geography and human geography in the information era. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2015, 35(1): 11-18.
97	朱霞, 周阳月, 单卓然. 中国乡村转型与复兴的策略及路径——基于乡村主体性视角. 城市发展研究, 2015, 22(8): 38-45.
	Zhu X, Zhou Y, Shan Z. Study on strategy and path of rural China transformation and renaissance: Under the context of rural subjectivity. Urban Development Studies, 2015, 22(8): 38-45.
98	胡百精. 互联网与集体记忆构建. 中国高校社会科学, 2014(3): 98-106.
	Hu B. The collective memory in the age of Internet. Social Sciences in Chinese Higher Education Institutions, 2014(3): 98-106.
99	汪芳, 孙瑞敏. 传统村落的集体记忆研究——对纪录片«记住乡愁»进行内容分析为例. 地理研究, 2015, 34(12): 2368-2380.
	Wang F, Sun R. Collective memory of Chinese traditional villages: A case study of content analysis on the documentary Homesickness in Mind. Geographical Research, 2015, 34(12): 2368-2380.