批判地缘政治学视角下原住民组织对北极事务的参与和影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.01.2019460

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

从自发组建的非政府组织到北极事务中颇具影响力的权力组织，原住民组织已经成长为北极事务中不可忽视的利益攸关方。在获取北极事务参与权及实施行动决策中，北极原住民组织展现了独特的思考和实践。基于批判地缘政治学的理论视角观察因纽特环北极理事会为代表的原住民组织的发展历程，发现：（1）北极原住民组织强调基于文本生产的知识权力获取方式；（2）制度性参与是原住民组织的主要行动路径。北极事务参与权的获取及针对性行动策略的实施帮助原住民组织成功影响和重塑了北极的治理理念、身份认同与地理空间，推动北极地区向着善治和良治发展。通过对因纽特环北极理事会案例的解析，可以为中国拓展自身在北极地区的合作空间提供参考。

关键词: 批判地缘政治学, 北极事务, 因纽特环北极理事会, 原住民组织

Abstract:

From autonomous non-government organization to power groups in Arctic affairs, indigenous organizations have become an important player.The unique thinking and practice of the indigenous organizations are worth discussing.Critical political geography provides a theoretical tool for indigenous organizations to show how participate in and influence arctic governance. 1) Indigenous organizations obtains the power arctic affair completes by the knowledge production carried with text; 2) Indigenous organizations are involved of institutional participation in arctic affairs on different scales.What's more, indigenous organizations have reshaped the Arctic governance concept;identity and geographic space by adopting targeted action strategies ,and promoting the development of the arctic region to a place of good governance .On the basis of respecting the traditional knowledge of indigenous people, China needs to establish an institutional communication mechanism and expand the cooperation space of indigenous organizations.Key words: critical political geography; Arctic affairs; Inuit Circumpolar Council; indigenous organizations

闫鑫淇, 赵宁宁. 批判地缘政治学视角下原住民组织对北极事务的参与和影响[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(1): 57-68.

Xinqi YAN, Ningning ZHAO. The participation and influence of indigenous organizations in Arctic affairs from the perspective of critical political geography:A case of Inuit Circumpolar Council[J]. World Regional Studies, 2021, 30(1): 57-68.

图/表 2

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参数	国际尺度	北极尺度	地方尺度
行动目标	参与全球层面上的北极事务	全面参与北极事务，提升北极政策制定的话语权和导向能力	促进因纽特社区的发展，维护因纽特社群的利益
互动主体	联合国等国际组织	北极理事会等区域组织	地方政府及地方社群组织
权力机制	咨商制度	永久观察员	地方自治
行动策略	制度参与对话参与	规则规范塑造及全面制度参与	因地制宜建立地方治理、跨地域策略

参数	国际尺度	北极尺度	地方尺度
行动目标	参与全球层面上的北极事务	全面参与北极事务，提升北极政策制定的话语权和导向能力	促进因纽特社区的发展，维护因纽特社群的利益
互动主体	联合国等国际组织	北极理事会等区域组织	地方政府及地方社群组织
权力机制	咨商制度	永久观察员	地方自治
行动策略	制度参与对话参与	规则规范塑造及全面制度参与	因地制宜建立地方治理、跨地域策略