“产业孤岛型”淘宝村演化过程及重构作用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.02.2021846

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

电子商务成为乡村发展转型的重要推动力，淘宝村的形成演化及其社会作用受到越来越多的关注。以保定市高家庄村为案例，采取实地调研法，解析“产业孤岛型”淘宝村演化过程及经营模式，阐述电子商务行为对村域空间的多维度重构作用。研究发现：（1）高家庄村从传统农业种植村向专业化淘宝村的转型共经历了四个时期：原始种植+贩卖废旧金属时期、“跑电梯”行业过渡时期、淘宝村爆发式形成时期、淘宝村平稳发展时期；（2）淘宝村内部主要有四种典型的从业与经营模式：数量多、分布广的“家庭网店模式”、数量少、规模大的“企业经营模式”、由个人经营的“纯贸易网店模式”、仅从事拆解工作的“行业工人模式”；（3）电子商务在空间维度上促进了产居空间渗透融合，改变了村内闲置宅基地和空白用地的使用方式；经济维度上推动了“孤岛式”产业升级发展，加速了农村居民非农化就业创业，促进了区域内其他相关行业的衍生发展；社会维度上改善了农村关系，巩固延伸了从业人员的虚拟交往空间和实际交往空间；（4）高家庄村电子商务实现了从无到有的发展，淘宝村快速成型，但产业基础的限制使得淘宝村虽在村镇尺度上经营现状良好，在县域尺度上的空间扩散却不明显，乡村重构作用较小。

关键词: 淘宝村, 演化过程, 从业经营模式, 重构作用, 高家庄村

Abstract:

E-commerce has become an important driving force for rural development and transformation. The formation and evolution of Taobao village and its social role have attracted more and more attention. Taking Gaojiazhuang Village in Baoding City as a case, this paper analyzes the evolution process and business model of "industrial island" Taobao village, and expounds the multi-dimensional reconstruction effect of e-commerce on village space.The results show that: (1) the transformation of Gaojiazhuang Village from traditional agricultural planting village to professional Taobao village has experienced four periods: the period of original planting + selling waste metals, "Running for elevator" industry transition period, the explosive formation period of Taobao village, and the period of steady development of Taobao village;(2)There are mainly four typical employment and business models in Taobao village: the "family online store model" with large quantity and wide distribution, the "enterprise business model" with small quantity and large scale, the "pure trade online store model" operated by individuals, and the "industry worker model" only engaged in disassembly work;(3)E-commerce promotes the penetration and integration of production and residence space in the spatial dimension, and changes the use mode of idle homestead and blank land in the village; In the economic dimension, it has promoted the "isolated island" industrial upgrading and development, accelerated the non-agricultural employment and Entrepreneurship of rural residents, and promoted the derivative development of other related industries in the region; In the social dimension, it has improved the rural relations, consolidated and extended the virtual communication space and actual communication space of employees;(4) Gaojiazhuang Village has realized the development of e-commerce from scratch, and Taobao village has taken shape rapidly. However, due to the limitations of the industrial foundation, Taobao village has a good business status at the village and town scale, but the spatial diffusion at the county scale is not obvious, and the role of rural reconstruction is small.

Key words: Taobao village, evolution process, employment and business mode, reconstruction function, Gaojiazhuang Village

齐鹏飞, 丁疆辉, 柴旭. “产业孤岛型”淘宝村演化过程及重构作用[J]. 世界地理研究, 2024, 33(2): 93-107.

Pengfei QI, Jianghui DING, Xu CHAI. Evolution and reconstruction of "industrial island" Taobao village[J]. World Regional Studies, 2024, 33(2): 93-107.

图/表 7

图1 高家庄村区位

Fig.1 Location of Gaojiazhuang Village

图2 高家庄淘宝村形成演化过程

Fig.2 Formation and evolution of Taobao village in Gaojiazhuang

图3 “夫妻创业经营型”（a）和“青年人合作经营型”（b）

Fig.3 "Husband and wife entrepreneurship" （a） and "Young people's cooperative management" （b）

图4 厂店分离的“企业经营模式”

Fig.4 "Enterprise business model" of separation of factory and store

图5 单纯贸易、产销分离的“纯贸易网店模式”

Fig.5 "Pure trade online store model" of pure trade and separation of production and marketing

图6 高家庄电子商务的重构作用

Fig.6 The role of e-commerce in Taobao village in rural reconstruction

表1 高家庄村淘宝网店经营者接触此行业时间分布

Tab. 1 Time distribution of Taobao online store operators in Gaojiazhuang Village contacting this industry

经营者年龄	调研户总数	2015年前开始接触	2015年后开始接触
21~30岁	14	2	12
31~40岁	14	13	1
41~50岁	3	3	0
50岁以上	1	1	0

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[1]	张佳, 王琛. 电子商务对农村经济发展影响及其空间差异研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2020, 29(5): 952-961.
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