中国区域间农业隐含水污染转移及责任分担

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.04.20220098

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为厘清各方环境治理减排责任，实现农业水污染减排。基于中国31省份多区域投入产出模型，分别测算中国各省份基于生产者责任、消费者责任和收入者责任下的农业COD排放量，从区域和省份层面识别出农业水污染转移的主要路径，探讨中国各地区农业隐含水污染转移情况并提出水污染责任分配方案。研究表明：（1）农业COD存在明显的区域转移特征，在最终需求视角下，东北区域、中部区域和西北区域是三个最大的污染输出区域；在最初投入视角下，农业COD的转移主要发生在中部区域和东北区域等北方地区之间。（2）“黑龙江→广东”“河北→广东”和“辽宁→广东”是三条最大的消费侧农业COD净转移路径，“黑龙江→江苏”和“黑龙江→吉林”是两条最大的收入侧农业水污染净转移路径。（3）相较于方案A和B，方案C充分考虑作为收入者和消费者的污染责任，从整个生产链的角度更全面和科学地衡量了本地区应承担的水污染责任。建议使用科学的污染责任分配方案，加强区域间协调治理污染机制，强化不同类型地区的治理责任以减少水污染。

关键词: 农业水污染, 多区域投入产出模型, 隐含污染转移, 污染责任

Abstract:

In order to clarify the environmental governance and emission reduction responsibilities of all parties and realize the emission reduction of agricultural water pollution. Based on the multi regional input-output model of 31 provinces in China, the agricultural COD emissions of various provinces in China based on producer responsibility, consumer responsibility and income responsibility are calculated respectively, the main paths of agricultural water pollution transfer are identified from the regional and provincial levels, the transfer of agricultural implied water pollution in various regions in China is discussed, and the allocation scheme of water pollution responsibility is put forward. The results show that: (1) agricultural COD has obvious regional transfer characteristics. From the perspective of final demand, northeast region, central region and northwest region are the three largest pollution export regions; From the perspective of initial investment, the transfer of agricultural COD mainly occurs between the central region and the northeast and other northern regions. (2) "Heilongjiang → Guangdong", "Hebei → Guangdong" and "Liaoning → Guangdong" are the three largest net transfer paths of agricultural COD on the consumption side, and "Heilongjiang → Jiangsu" and "Heilongjiang → Jilin" are the two largest net transfer paths of agricultural water pollution on the income side. (3) Compared with schemes A and B, scheme C fully considers the pollution responsibility of income earners and consumers, and measures the water pollution responsibility of the region more comprehensively and scientifically from the perspective of the whole production chain. It is suggested to use a scientific pollution responsibility allocation scheme, strengthen the inter regional coordination and pollution control mechanism, and strengthen the governance responsibilities of different types of regions to reduce water pollution.

Key words: agricultural water pollution, Multi Regional Input-Output Model, implied pollution transfer, liability for pollution

陈传龙, 邱联鸿. 中国区域间农业隐含水污染转移及责任分担[J]. 世界地理研究, 2024, 33(4): 73-87.

Chuanlong CHEN, Lianhong QIU. Transfer of agricultural implied water pollution and responsibility sharing among regions in China[J]. World Regional Studies, 2024, 33(4): 73-87.

图/表 8

图1 区域间水污染转移示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of inter regional water pollution transfer

表1 水污染-经济多区域投入产出表

Tab.1 Water pollution economic multi-regional input-output table

变量			中间需求			最终需求			出口	总产出
			$C 1$	$⋯$	$C n$	$C 1$ $Y$	$⋯$	$C n$ $Y$
			$S 1$ $⋯$ $S m$	$⋯$	$S 1$ $⋯$ $S m$	$C 1$ $Y$	$⋯$	$C n$ $Y$
中间投入	$C 1$	$S 1$	$Z 11$	$⋯$	$Z 1 n$	$Y 11$	$⋯$	$Y 1 n$	$E 1$	$X 1$
		$⋮$
		$S m$
	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋱$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋱$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$
	$C n$	$S 1$	$Z n 1$	$⋯$	$Z n n$	$Y n 1$	$⋯$	$Y n n$	$E n$	$X n$
		$⋮$
		$S m$
进口			$M 1$	$⋯$	$M n$
增加值			$V 1$	$⋯$	$V n$
总投入			$X 1'$	$⋯$	$X n'$
COD			$W 1$	$⋯$	$W n$

表1 水污染-经济多区域投入产出表

Tab.1 Water pollution economic multi-regional input-output table

变量			中间需求			最终需求			出口	总产出
			$C 1$	$⋯$	$C n$	$C 1$ $Y$	$⋯$	$C n$ $Y$
			$S 1$ $⋯$ $S m$	$⋯$	$S 1$ $⋯$ $S m$	$C 1$ $Y$	$⋯$	$C n$ $Y$
中间投入	$C 1$	$S 1$	$Z 11$	$⋯$	$Z 1 n$	$Y 11$	$⋯$	$Y 1 n$	$E 1$	$X 1$
		$⋮$
		$S m$
	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋱$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋱$	$⋮$	$⋮$	$⋮$
	$C n$	$S 1$	$Z n 1$	$⋯$	$Z n n$	$Y n 1$	$⋯$	$Y n n$	$E n$	$X n$
		$⋮$
		$S m$
进口			$M 1$	$⋯$	$M n$
增加值			$V 1$	$⋯$	$V n$
总投入			$X 1'$	$⋯$	$X n'$
COD			$W 1$	$⋯$	$W n$

图2 基于生产者责任和消费者责任下各省份农业COD排放量

Fig.2 Agricultural COD emission of each province based on producer responsibility and consumer responsibility

图3 基于生产者责任和收入者责任下各省份农业COD排放量

Fig.3 Agricultural COD emission of each province based on producer responsibility and income responsibility

图4 各省份农业水污染净转移（万吨）

Fig.4 Net transfer of agricultural water pollution by province （10 000 tones）

图5 各区域农业水污染转移来源地及目的地

Fig.5 Sources and destinations of agricultural water pollution transfer in various regions

表2 各省份农业水污染净转移前30条路径

Tab.2 Top 30 paths for net transfer of agricultural water pollution in each province

排名	消费侧净转移路径	转移量 /万吨	收入侧净转移路径	转移量 /万吨
1	黑龙江→广东	11.38	黑龙江→江苏	1.24
2	河北→广东	6.31	黑龙江→吉林	1.13
3	辽宁→广东	5.37	黑龙江→湖南	0.90
4	黑龙江→上海	4.87	黑龙江→陕西	0.68
5	黑龙江→山东	4.82	黑龙江→河南	0.66
6	黑龙江→浙江	4.55	辽宁→江苏	0.63
7	河南→广东	3.61	黑龙江→广西	0.56
8	湖南→广东	3.45	黑龙江→贵州	0.53
9	黑龙江→安徽	3.32	黑龙江→安徽	0.52
10	内蒙古→广东	3.29	河北→江苏	0.51
11	新疆→广东	3.20	黑龙江→上海	0.48
12	黑龙江→湖北	2.95	河南→江苏	0.46
13	吉林→广东	2.94	黑龙江→云南	0.44
14	黑龙江→河南	2.89	河南→陕西	0.42
15	黑龙江→江苏	2.71	内蒙古→江苏	0.42
16	河北→上海	2.66	河北→陕西	0.40
17	河北→浙江	2.61	山东→广西	0.39
18	河北→山东	2.57	辽宁→吉林	0.38
19	安徽→广东	2.53	山东→河北	0.37
20	内蒙古→浙江	2.46	广东→江苏	0.37
21	辽宁→上海	2.36	河南→上海	0.35
22	黑龙江→重庆	2.35	安徽→江苏	0.35
23	辽宁→浙江	2.23	安徽→上海	0.34
24	河南→浙江	2.20	黑龙江→浙江	0.34
25	辽宁→山东	2.04	山东→陕西	0.34
26	黑龙江→北京	2.00	广东→湖南	0.33
27	河北→安徽	1.88	广东→广西	0.32
28	黑龙江→天津	1.87	广东→陕西	0.32
29	陕西→广东	1.76	安徽→陕西	0.32
30	内蒙古→湖北	1.72	山东→湖南	0.32

表3 不同方案下各省份农业水污染排放责任

Tab.3 Agricultural water pollution discharge responsibility of each province under different schemes

省份	方案A		方案B		方案C
省份	排放量 /万吨	排序	排放量 /万吨	排序	排放量 /万吨	排序
山东	98.61	1	108.51	1	105.77	1
广东	74.02	2	48.42	9	73.89	2
黑龙江	64.85	3	92.42	2	62.09	4
河南	63.35	4	72.63	5	64.91	3
辽宁	61.57	5	75.73	4	62.05	5
河北	58.09	6	78.98	3	60.62	6
四川	48.49	7	48.44	8	48.94	7
湖北	47	8	40.36	11	46.45	9
湖南	44.33	9	54.82	7	47.11	8
内蒙古	39.39	10	56.24	6	41.01	10
吉林	33.42	11	46.32	10	35.36	12
安徽	33.24	12	33.75	14	33.72	13
江苏	32.35	13	36.07	12	37.42	11
浙江	26.69	14	17.11	19	28.3	14
新疆	25.72	15	33.79	13	26.54	15
江西	20.52	16	21.95	15	21.72	16
福建	18.19	17	18.27	18	19.59	17
山西	17.72	18	15.1	20	17.46	21
重庆	17.64	19	11.98	22	18.34	20
广西	17.09	20	20.69	16	19.08	19
陕西	16.89	21	20.02	17	19.36	18
上海	14.57	22	4.12	29	16.21	22
天津	13.13	23	9.59	24	13.75	23
北京	12.28	24	6.28	28	12.43	24
甘肃	10.88	25	12.89	21	11.06	26
云南	10.46	26	7.88	26	12	25
宁夏	7.95	27	8.73	25	8.07	28
海南	7.12	28	9.74	23	7.64	29
贵州	7.04	29	7.2	27	8.78	27
青海	2.89	30	2.13	30	2.97	30
西藏	0.75	31	0.51	31	0.82	31

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