中关村科技园国际创新合作网络演化特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.08.20222185

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

科技园正日益成为国际创新合作的重点载体，揭示中关村科技园国际创新合作网络的演化特征，对中关村制定国际创新合作政策具有重要参考价值。基于PCT专利合作数据，利用社会网络分析和空间分析方法，在明晰中关村科技园国际创新合作网络发展过程的基础上，探讨其演化特征。研究发现：①中关村科技园国际创新合作网络经历了从初步建立到迅速发展再到转型提升的由低级向高级发展的演化过程。②中关村科技园国际创新合作呈现先扩展后收缩的空间格局变化，美国始终是合作的主要对象。中关村各分园形成朝阳园为主、海淀园和石景山园为副的一主两副核心区，朝阳园-美国合作的空间集聚结构模式逐渐凸现。③中关村科技园国际合作主体数量呈波动增加趋势，本地企业在网络中的核心地位逐渐增强，网络核心主体由跨国公司巨头为主转向本地龙头企业和跨国公司共同发展。④图像通信、无线通信网络和电数字数据处理是当前中关村科技园国际合作的热点技术领域。其中，中关村与美国在图像通信领域合作增加，与英国在电数字数据处理领域合作较多，与日本的合作主要集中在无线通信网络领域。

关键词: 科技园, 国际创新合作网络, 中关村, 演化特征, PCT专利

Abstract:

Science and technology parks are increasingly becoming the key carriers of international innovation cooperation. Revealing the evolution characteristics of the international innovation cooperation network of Zhongguancun has important reference value for Zhongguancun to formulate international innovation cooperation policies. Based on PCT patent cooperation data, using social network analysis and spatial analysis methods, this paper discussed the evolution characteristics of the international innovation cooperation network of Zhongguancun on the basis of clarifying its development process. The research findings are as follows: ①The international innovation cooperation network of Zhongguancun has experienced an evolutionary process from low-level to high-level development from initial establishment to rapid development and then to transformation and upgrading.②International innovation cooperation shows a spatial pattern of expansion before contraction. The United States has always been the main target of cooperation. Each sub-park in Zhongguancun has formed a core area with Chaoyang Park as the main area and Haidian Park and Shijingshan Park as the auxiliary areas. The spatial agglomeration structure mode of Chaoyang Park American cooperation has gradually emerged.③The number of international cooperation subjects is increasing in a fluctuating trend. The core position of local enterprises in the network is gradually strengthening. The core subjects of the network have changed from multinational giants to local leading enterprises and multinational companies for common development.④Image communication, wireless communication network and electronic digital data processing are the hot areas of international cooperation in Zhongguancun. Among them, cooperation with the United States in the field of image communication has increased, and cooperation with the United Kingdom in the field of electronic digital data processing has increased; cooperation with Japan mainly focuses on the field of wireless communication networks.

Key words: science park, international innovation cooperation network, Zhongguancun, evolutionary characteristics, PCT patent

赵彩云, 吕拉昌. 中关村科技园国际创新合作网络演化特征[J]. 世界地理研究, 2024, 33(8): 148-160.

Caiyun ZHAO, Lachang LYU. Evolution characteristics of international innovation cooperation network in Zhongguancun: Based on PCT patent analysis[J]. World Regional Studies, 2024, 33(8): 148-160.

图/表 9

图1 1988—2020年中关村科技园PCT专利合作数量和合作主体数量变化

Fig.1 Number of PCT patent cooperation and cooperation subjects in Zhongguancun from 1988 to 2020

图2 中关村科技园国际创新合作网络演化研究框架

Fig.2 Research framework for the evolution of Zhongguancun international innovation cooperation network

图3 中关村科技园国际创新合作网络的空间格局变化注：此图基于国家自然资源部标准地图服务系统的标准地图（审图号：GS（2016）1666号）绘制，底图无修改。

Fig.3 Spatial pattern change of international innovation cooperation network in Zhongguancun

图4 中关村各分园国际创新合作网络的平面结构变化注：节点大小表示专利数量；节点颜色表示隶属不同的国家或地区；连线宽度表示两节点的专利合作数量。

Fig.4 Changes in the plane structure of the international innovation cooperation network in Zhongguancun's branches

图5 中关村各园区国际创新合作专利数量及园区间合作变化

Fig.5 Number of international innovation cooperation patents and changes in cooperation between parks in Zhongguancun

图6 中关村科技园国际创新合作主体类型变化

Fig.6 Changes in the subject types of international innovation cooperation in Zhongguancun

表1 中关村科技园国际创新合作网络加权度中心度前10位合作主体

Tab.1 Top 10 partners of international innovation cooperation network in Zhongguancun

2000年		2010年		2020年
名称	度值	名称	度值	名称	度值
北京方正连宇通信技术有限公司	4	诺基亚公司	423	IBM公司	793
中国国家海洋局第三海洋研究所	3	英特尔公司	272	IBM（中国）投资有限公司	793
北京诺赛基因组研究中心有限公司	3	富士通有限公司	258	IBM英国有限公司	665
上海基康生物技术有限公司	3	爱立信公司	163	抖音视界（北京）有限公司	368
英特尔公司	1	诺基亚西门子通信公司	161	北京字节跳动科技有限公司	368
英特尔（中国）研究中心有限公司	1	三星电子有限公司	144	宝洁公司	190
英特尔（中国）研究中心有限公司	1	中国科学院微电子研究所	141	富士通有限公司	107
		壳牌国际研究公司	132	IBM德国有限公司	96
		惠普公司	131	联发科技股份有限公司	89
		美国汤姆逊公司	128	苹果公司	77

图7 中关村科技园国际创新合作网络的技术领域变化注：节点大小表示技术领域合作频次；节点颜色表示隶属不同的社群；连线宽度表示技术领域间的合作次数。

Fig.7 Changes in the technical field of the international innovation cooperation network in Zhongguancun

图8 中关村科技园国际创新合作网络的技术领域与国家或地区变化注：粉色节点表示技术领域，节点大小表示技术领域合作频次；绿色节点表示国家或地区，节点大小表示专利合作数量；连线宽度表示技术领域与国家或地区的合作次数。

Fig.8 Technical field and national or regional changes of innovation cooperation network in Zhongguancun

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