全球海洋中心城市：理论溯源、衡量基线与方法论争

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.09.20230485

世界地理研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 104-117.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2024.09.20230485

• 城市与产业 • 上一篇

全球海洋中心城市：理论溯源、衡量基线与方法论争

肖若兰¹^,²^,³(), 马仁锋¹^,²^,³(), 马静武¹^,⁴, 王建庆²^,⁵

^1.宁波大学，东海研究院，宁波 315211
^2.宁波大学，浙江省陆海国土空间利用与治理协同创新中心，宁波 315211
^3.宁波大学，地理与空间信息技术系，宁波 315211
^4.温州市自然资源和规划局，温州 325027
^5.宁波海洋研究院，宁波 315832

收稿日期:2023-07-23 修回日期:2023-10-30 出版日期:2024-09-15 发布日期:2024-09-23
通讯作者: 马仁锋
作者简介:肖若兰（2000—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为海洋经济与区域发展，E-mail：xiaoruolan@126.com。
基金资助:
浙江省自然科学基金基础公益研究项目(LGF22D010002);宁波市“科技创新2025”重大专项(2022Z181)

The leading maritime capitals of the world: Theoretical traces, measurement baselines and methodology dilemmas

Ruolan XIAO¹^,²^,³(), Renfeng MA¹^,²^,³(), Jingwu MA¹^,⁴, Jianqing WANG²^,⁵

^1.Donghai Academy, ,
^2.Zhejiang Collaborative Innovation Center & Ningbo Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Land and Marine Spatial Utilization and Governance Research
^3.Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
^4.Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center, Wenzhou Bureau of Natural Resources and Planning, Wenzhou 325027, China
^5.Ningbo Institute of Oceanography Ningbo 315832, China

Received:2023-07-23 Revised:2023-10-30 Online:2024-09-15 Published:2024-09-23
Contact: Renfeng MA

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球海洋中心城市是全球性的海洋经济中心，反映了一国海洋经济发展水平与国际竞争力。梳理全球海洋中心城市的研究理论及领域演化，比较中外海洋中心城市研究并提出新国际形势下全球海洋中心城市的研究重点及困境。主要研究包括：①辨析全球海洋中心城市的起源与概念、性质特征与成长机理等理论问题；②引介全球海洋中心城市相关评价方法，提出全球海洋中心城市的独特功能、比较与成长态评价方法等；③指出全球化形势下全球海洋中心城市研究应关注研究尺度、实证创新，借鉴城市研究的城市职能、城市竞争力、流空间等理论及其量化识别指标，评价全球海洋中心城市。未来研究重点应结合实证评价模型调试其指标阈值参数，提升已有模型的适用性与实用性，拓展已有贸易、交通、跨国公司分支机构、专利、人才等的网络分析范式，创新全球海洋中心城市研究方法论。

关键词: 全球海洋中心城市, 全球城市, 港口城市, 海洋性, 海事服务业

Abstract:

The world's leading maritime capital is the global maritime economic centre. In this paper, we review the theoretical debates and the evolution of the field of maritime centre cities research, compare the research on maritime centre cities in the Eastern and Western, and put forward the focus of the world's maritime centre cities research and its urgent dilemmas under the new international situation. We found that: ①The world's leading maritime capital is closely related to the concepts of global city, centre city and maritime city, and then clarifies the theoretical issues such as the origin and concept of the world's leading maritime capital, their nature, characteristics and growth mechanisms; ②Introducing evaluation methods related to world's leading maritime capital, proposing its unique functions, comparison and growth evaluation methods, and so on. ③In the new state of globalization, research on the world's leading maritime capital should focus on research scales and empirical innovations. Evaluating the world's leading maritime capital by drawing on the urban studies doctrines of urban function, urban competitiveness, flow space and their indicators' quantitative identification methods. Future research should focus on debugging the evaluation model and its indicator threshold parameters with empirical evidence, improving the applicability and practicability of the existing model, expanding the existing network analysis paradigm of trade, transportation, multinational company branches, patents, talents and other flows, and innovating the methodology of the research on the world's maritime capital.

Key words: the leading maritime capitals of the world, global city, port city, maritimity, maritime service industry

肖若兰, 马仁锋, 马静武, 王建庆. 全球海洋中心城市：理论溯源、衡量基线与方法论争[J]. 世界地理研究, 2024, 33(9): 104-117.

Ruolan XIAO, Renfeng MA, Jingwu MA, Jianqing WANG. The leading maritime capitals of the world: Theoretical traces, measurement baselines and methodology dilemmas[J]. World Regional Studies, 2024, 33(9): 104-117.

图/表 7

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年份	排名（从左至右依次排序）
2012	新加坡、奥斯陆、伦敦、汉堡、香港
2015	新加坡、汉堡、奥斯陆、香港、上海
2017	新加坡、汉堡、奥斯陆、上海、伦敦
2019	新加坡、汉堡、鹿特丹、香港、伦敦
2022	新加坡、鹿特丹、伦敦、上海、东京

年份	排名（从左至右依次排序）
2012	新加坡、奥斯陆、伦敦、汉堡、香港
2015	新加坡、汉堡、奥斯陆、香港、上海
2017	新加坡、汉堡、奥斯陆、上海、伦敦
2019	新加坡、汉堡、鹿特丹、香港、伦敦
2022	新加坡、鹿特丹、伦敦、上海、东京

研究层次	文献来源	评价方法
多指标综合评价法	揭晓蒙等，吴晓琪	利用熵权-TOPSIS 综合测评涉海城市的海洋科技创新能力^[64]；根据全球城市特征构成三层指标体系，利用加权法计算全球城市综合实力^[65]
空间与社会网络分析法	汤放华等，姚作林等	借助引力模型与社会网络构建城市网络，分析城市中心性和凝聚效应及网络结构特征^[66]；运用城市中心性、经济联系强度和空间断裂点等，分析城市群联系与空间形态^[67]
城市规模、位序及结构研究	Verhetsel等，郭建科等	借鉴全球化与世界城市研究网络的城市位序研究方法来探索世界海洋城市网络中各海洋城市的位置及融入度^[68]；基于位序规模法则识别不同层级沿海城市及区域性枢纽/中心程度^[69]
全球贸易流与生产网络研究	Scholvin等， Akhavan等	构建物流连通性网络模型将欧洲城市进行分类^[70]；通过全球城市的生产网络关系研究确定门户城市与边缘城市的耦合发展关系^[71]

研究层次	文献来源	评价方法
多指标综合评价法	揭晓蒙等，吴晓琪	利用熵权-TOPSIS 综合测评涉海城市的海洋科技创新能力^[64]；根据全球城市特征构成三层指标体系，利用加权法计算全球城市综合实力^[65]
空间与社会网络分析法	汤放华等，姚作林等	借助引力模型与社会网络构建城市网络，分析城市中心性和凝聚效应及网络结构特征^[66]；运用城市中心性、经济联系强度和空间断裂点等，分析城市群联系与空间形态^[67]
城市规模、位序及结构研究	Verhetsel等，郭建科等	借鉴全球化与世界城市研究网络的城市位序研究方法来探索世界海洋城市网络中各海洋城市的位置及融入度^[68]；基于位序规模法则识别不同层级沿海城市及区域性枢纽/中心程度^[69]
全球贸易流与生产网络研究	Scholvin等， Akhavan等	构建物流连通性网络模型将欧洲城市进行分类^[70]；通过全球城市的生产网络关系研究确定门户城市与边缘城市的耦合发展关系^[71]

年份	指标	指标差异	行业相关专家学者	评价侧重点
2012	航运、海事金融和法律、港口和物流、海事技术	共15项、11项客观指标、4项主观指标	14个国家、28名行业相关人员及专家学者	航运业及航运服务业实力
2015	航运、海事金融与法律、港口与物流、海事技术	共23项、12项客观指标、11项主观指标	33个国家、约200名行业相关人员及专家学者	海运集群发育与营运环境
2017	航运、海事金融与法律、海事科技、港口与物流、城市竞争力和吸引力	共46项、24条客观指标、22项主观指标	40个国家、52个城市的 260名行业相关人员及专家学者	海事行业数字化转型和创新能力
2019	航运、海事金融与法律、海事技术、港口与物流、城市吸引力和竞争力	共40项、25项客观指标、15项主观指标	22个国家、32个城市的196名海事专家组	航运中心城市软硬基础设施和人才吸引
2022	航运、海事金融与法律、海事技术、港口与物流、城市吸引力和竞争力	共40项、29项客观指标、11项主观指标	22个国家、32个城市的280名海事专家组	航运业绿色转型、数字化、竞争力和技术创新

全球海洋中心城市：理论溯源、衡量基线与方法论争

The leading maritime capitals of the world: Theoretical traces, measurement baselines and methodology dilemmas

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项目	评价内容
船舶航运	船队规模、船队价值、航运公司数量、航运公司营业收入、船东或行业组织、船员管理等
海洋金融	海洋产业投融资额、上市海洋产业相关公司数量及公司市值、海洋产业相关债券交易量等
海事法律	海事法律专家数量、海事事务所数量、海洋保险理赔费用等
港口物流	港口吞吐量、港口运营商吞吐量、港口连通度、港口经济贡献、客户服务效率、跨境贸易成本、港口岸线利用效率、绿色安全水平、科技引领能力、港口绩效指数等
海洋科技	海洋科研投入与成果、海洋教育、船舶制造规模、海事技术行业公司的营业额、世界船级社份额、船舶市场份额、海洋专利数量等
海洋政策	城市海洋政策优势度、执行国家与地区海洋规划效果、国际经合组织海运货物优惠政策等
海洋环保	海洋环境保护措施与效果、海洋资源可持续利用等
城市吸引力与竞争力	海洋资源配置、城市开放性与包容程度、城市治理能力、城市与区域联系程度、营商便利度、行政管理与司法公正性与执行力、创新创业环境等

[1]	姜炎鹏, 林栋, 李静宜. 伦敦成长为全球城市的转型过程：产业与发展战略视角[J]. 世界地理研究, 2024, 33(5): 98-110.
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[3]	周容琪, 张旭, 黄耿志. 国际电影节视角下文化型世界城市的时空分布与网络特征[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(12): 41-53.