中国高速铁路旅客联程出行空间格局分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2026.02.20240998

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在国家交通发展规划的引领下，旅客联程运输问题备受关注。本文从地理学视角出发，采用联程出行率、中转换乘效率和高铁换乘枢纽度等指标识别高铁联程出行空间分异特征，运用修正重力模型解析高铁联程中转换乘效率的影响因素，以探究高铁联程运输空间组织模式。结果显示：①高铁联程出行率与城市行政等级和高铁干支线分布因素紧密相关，存在显著的地域差异。西部地区和东北地区中距离高铁联程出行率普遍偏高，而其高铁枢纽中转换乘效率较低。②大量中低等级城市间的联程出行需通过高等级城市站点实现，城际高铁出行空间存在“等级性”。城市群网络状结构、高铁干线网络、跨省域轴线和省域极核式空间结构等共同构成全国高效率联程出行的“轴-辐”网络结构。③高铁换乘效率受到换乘城市的城市规模、时空距离及城市高铁枢纽度的影响，高铁枢纽度的作用强度高于高铁枢纽d 城市规模。在市场机制下，联程运输方式能够化解中远距离城际高铁出行需求不足的问题，提高中远距离城际高铁运输效益。有鉴于此，针对我国高铁旅客联程出行效率偏低和高铁运力供需错位的问题，可以根据高铁联程出行空间分异特征，参照航空运输“轴-辐”模式，科学设计“轴-辐”式高铁联程运输网络，以提高我国高铁联程出行效率，实现高铁运力资源优化配置。

关键词: 高速铁路, 旅客联程出行, 重力模型, “轴-辐”结构

Abstract:

Under the guidance of the national transportation development plan, the issue of passenger interline transportation has attracted much attention from scholars. This paper analyzes the spatial differentiation characteristics of high-speed rail (HSR) intermodal travel through the lens of geographical theory. It adopts indicators such as intermodal travel rate, transfer efficiency, and hub degree of HSR transfer stations. Furthermore, it employs a modified gravity model to examine the influencing factors of transfer efficiency in HSR intermodal systems and explores the spatial organization patterns of HSR intermodal transportation. The results show: ① The travel rate of high-speed rail connections is closely related to the city's administrative level and the distribution factors of high-speed rail trunk and branch lines, and there are significant regional differences. The travel rate of medium- and long-distance high-speed rail connections in the western region and northeastern region is generally high, and the transfer efficiency in high-speed rail hubs is low. ② A large number of connected trips between mid- and low-level cities need to be completed through high-level city stations, and the travel space of intercity high-speed rail is "hierarchical". The urban agglomeration network structure, the high-speed rail network, the cross-provincial axis and the provincial core spatial structure constitute the "hub-and-spoke" network structure of the country's high-efficiency interline travel. ③ The transfer efficiency of high-speed rail is affected by the size of the transfer city pair, the time and space distance, and the high-speed rail hub degree of the transfer city. The high-speed rail hub degree plays a stronger role in the intercity direct passenger traffic of the "city pair" than the scale factor of the high-speed rail hub city. Under the market mechanism, railway companies can use interline transportation methods to resolve the problem of insufficient travel demand for medium and long-distance intercity high-speed rail and ensure the efficiency of medium- and long-distance intercity high-speed rail transportation. In view of this, in order to solve the problem of my country's high-speed rail passenger interline travel and the mismatch between supply and demand of high-speed rail capacity, we can scientifically and rationally design the "Hub-and-Spoke " model based on the spatial differentiation characteristics of high-speed rail interline travel and with reference to the air transportation " Hub-and-Spoke " model. The high-speed rail interline transportation network improves the efficiency of my country's high-speed rail interline travel and realizes the optimal allocation of high-speed rail transportation capacity resources.

Key words: high speed railway, intermodal travel for passengers, gravity model, Hub-and-Spoke structure

商硕, 蒋海兵, 刘丙章. 中国高速铁路旅客联程出行空间格局分析[J]. 世界地理研究, 2026, 35(2): 171-185.

Shuo SHANG, Haibing JIANG, Bingzhang LIU. Analysis on the spatial pattern of passenger intermodal travel by China's high-speed railway[J]. World Regional Studies, 2026, 35(2): 171-185.

图/表 8

图1 中国高铁沿线城市联程出行率的空间格局分析注：本图基于标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS（2022）4309号的标准地图制作，底图无修改。下同。

Fig.1 Analysis on the spatial pattern of intermodal travel rates in cities along China's high-speed rail line

表1 中国城市高铁联程出行率平均值与直达城市数的对比分析

Tab.1 Comparison analysis of average high speed rail intermodal travel rates and the number of direct cities in regional cities of China

地区	全国	长三角地区	珠三角地区	京津冀地区	东部地区	中部地区	西部地区	东北地区
城市平均联程出行率/%	90.25	84.19	92.13	87.43	86.96	89.35	93.74	93.95
平均直达城市数/座	78	127	62	101	105	85	50	48

表2 中国“城市对”高铁联程出行率对比分析

Tab. 2 Comparative analysis of "city pairs" in high-speed rail intermodal travel rates in China

指标	全部城市对	省会城市对	地级城市对	县级城市对	省会城市-地级城市对	省会城市-县级城市对	地级城市-县级城市对
“城市对”联程出行率/%	89.95	32.02	81.38	94.25	59.61	74.78	89.47
1次换乘“城市对”占比/%	60.62	30.54	65.27	58.03	53.35	62.5	63.73
2次换乘“城市对”占比/%	26.04	1.48	15.8	31.35	6.18	11.84	23.85
3次换乘“城市对”占比/%	2.84	—	0.31	4.23	0.07	0.43	1.87
4次及以上换乘“城市对”占比/%	0.44	—	—	0.64	—	—	0.02
直达城市对数量/个	62828	552	6971	18523	273	4157	11601

表3 中国各地“城市对”高铁联程出行率对比分析（%）

Tab.3 Comparative analysis of "city pairs" in high-speed rail intermodal travel rates in China (%)

指标	长三角地区	京津冀地区	珠三角地区	东部地区	中部地区	西部地区	东北地区
“城市对”联程出行率	56.69	67.31	67.62	75.50	83.72	88.99	63.19
1次换乘“城市对”占比	56.42	54.30	61.50	65.91	74.27	46.85	58.90
2次换乘“城市对”占比	0.27	12.04	5.69	9.35	9.34	32.77	4.29
3次换乘“城市对”占比		0.97	0.43	0.23	0.11	7.75
4次及以上换乘“城市对”占比				0.002		2.62

图2 中国高铁换乘枢纽度的空间格局分析

Fig.2 Analysis on the spatial pattern of China's high-speed rail transfer hubs degree

图3 中国高等级高铁枢纽腹地范围划分

Fig. 3 Classification of the hinterland area of China's high-grade high-speed rail hubs

图4 中国高铁枢纽换乘效率的空间格局分析

Fig. 4 Analysis on the spatial pattern of transfer efficiency in China's high-speed rail hubs

表4 中国高速铁路枢纽换乘效率回归模型分析

Tab. 4 Regression model analysis of the transfer efficiency of China's high speed railway hubs

评价指标

α

β

γ

δ

σ

常数项

R²

样本数

回归系数

-0.739^***

（-170.296）

[-0.571]

0.149^***

（36.358）

[0.160]

0.129^***（31.860）

[0.141]

0.116^***（47.216）

[0.210]

0.132^***（53.078）

[0.240]

2.290^***（86.089）

0.381

61 940