“一国两制”下香港居民跨境消费行为特征和影响因素研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.05.2019591

世界地理研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 1024-1035.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.05.2019591

“一国两制”下香港居民跨境消费行为特征和影响因素研究

陈虹¹(), 林伊婷², 刘云刚¹(), 黄慧明³, 陈祁琪⁴, 刘仕影¹, 陈西雅¹

^1.华南师范大学地理科学学院，广州 510631
^2.北京大学深圳研究生院城市规划与设计学院，深圳 518055
^3.广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院，广州 510060
^4.北京大学城市与环境学院，北京 100871

收稿日期:2019-11-18 修回日期:2020-12-01 出版日期:2021-09-30 发布日期:2021-09-17
通讯作者: 刘云刚
作者简介:陈虹（1976-），女，讲师，博士，主要从事城市地理、制度变迁和城市规划研究，E-mail： hongchk@foxmail.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41401194)

The characteristics and causes of Hong Kong residents' cross-border shopping activities under the policy of "one country, two systems": A case study of Shekou, Shenzhen

Hong CHEN¹(), Yiting LIN², Yungang LIU¹(), Huiming HUANG³, Qiqi CHEN⁴, Shiying LIU¹, Xiya CHEN¹

^1.School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
^2.School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
^3.Guangzhou Urban Planning Design & Survey Research Institute, Guangzhou 510060, China
^4.College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Received:2019-11-18 Revised:2020-12-01 Online:2021-09-30 Published:2021-09-17
Contact: Yungang LIU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

深港边界是全球跨境活动最频繁的地区之一。以通过深圳湾口岸前往蛇口消费的香港居民为研究对象，采用定性、定量和空间计量相结合的方法分析香港居民来往深圳的消费模式和行为影响因素，发现在蛇口的跨境港人多来自“新界西”的屯门、元朗、荃湾三地，呈现以公交出行为主、出行频率高、消费低、时间短、老龄化、女性多的特点，其跨境行为主要受到个人年龄及收入、出行距离、区位等因素影响；港人在深港边界的跨境活动开始出现与收入、年龄相关的空间分异现象，呼吁展开针对不同过境群体的进一步研究，厘清其行为特点和影响因素，这将有助于建构粤港“优质生活圈”、促进粤港两地间更便利的跨境活动和更深层次的协作。

关键词: 深港边界, 跨境消费行为特征, 香港居民, 深圳湾口岸, 蛇口

Abstract:

The cross-border shopping activities at the border between Shenzhen and Hong Kong SAR presenting a salient sub-national phenomenon under China's "one country, two systems" policy have drawn great public attention. This empirical study investigates the behavior patterns of Hong Kong consumers in Shekou, Shenzhen through applying field observation, interviews, questionnaire survey and spatial analyses combining city-wide ordinary least square (OLS) regression model with geographically weighted regression (GWR) models. It sheds a light on that Hong Kong consumers are mostly seniors with characteristics of a high frequency of cross-border shopping, a short time to stay, and a low expenditure in Shekou. The causes they shopped in Shekou have been contributed to the distance between the substantial geographic distribution of their Hong Kong home address and the border, their ages and income. It's implicated that there is a spatial differentiation of cross-border activities due to various travelers' income and age has come into being on land border crossing ports between Shenzhen and Hong Kong. It calls for more studies on a variety of crossing-border social groups to facilitate a better "quality living circle", more convenient cross-border activities, and further cooperation between Hong Kong SAR and Guangdong Province.

Key words: the border between Shenzhen and Hong Kong, the characteristics of cross-border shopping, Hong Kong residents, Shenzhen Bay Border Port, Shekou

陈虹, 林伊婷, 刘云刚, 黄慧明, 陈祁琪, 刘仕影, 陈西雅. “一国两制”下香港居民跨境消费行为特征和影响因素研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(5): 1024-1035.

Hong CHEN, Yiting LIN, Yungang LIU, Huiming HUANG, Qiqi CHEN, Shiying LIU, Xiya CHEN. The characteristics and causes of Hong Kong residents' cross-border shopping activities under the policy of "one country, two systems": A case study of Shekou, Shenzhen[J]. World Regional Studies, 2021, 30(5): 1024-1035.

图/表 8

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	议会区区名	与深圳湾口岸的加权平均距离/km	人口密度		家庭收入中位数		问卷调查随机样本量
	议会区区名	与深圳湾口岸的加权平均距离/km	（人/km²）	排序	（元^*/月）	排序	人数	百分比/%
香港岛	中西区	51	19399	8	29988	2	0	0.00
	湾仔	42.8	18268	9	31446	1	0	0.00
	东区	50.1	29905	6	24848	5	2	1.98
	南区	45	6901	11	24990	4	6	5.94
新界西	葵青	35.3	22304	7	17993	15	2	1.98
	荃湾	27.5	5149	13	23990	6	8	7.92
	屯门	17.1	5903	12	18326	13	36	35.64
	元朗	14.4	4435	14	19159	12	24	23.76
	离岛	73.1	895	18	23074	7	0	0.00
新界东	北区	36	2310	16	17910	16	1	0.99
	大埔	60.3	2233	17	22491	9	0	0.00
	沙田	51.4	9603	10	22641	8	0	0.00
	西贡	54.2	3563	15	27048	3	3	2.97
九龙	油尖旺	36.5	49066	2	19576	11	4	3.96
	深水埗	34.2	43362	4	16660	18	6	5.94
	九龙城	43	41790	5	21283	10	2	1.98
	黄大仙	45.4	45724	3	18326	13	0	0.00
	观塘	44.7	57546	1	16793	17	7	6.93

	议会区区名	与深圳湾口岸的加权平均距离/km	人口密度		家庭收入中位数		问卷调查随机样本量
	议会区区名	与深圳湾口岸的加权平均距离/km	（人/km²）	排序	（元^*/月）	排序	人数	百分比/%
香港岛	中西区	51	19399	8	29988	2	0	0.00
	湾仔	42.8	18268	9	31446	1	0	0.00
	东区	50.1	29905	6	24848	5	2	1.98
	南区	45	6901	11	24990	4	6	5.94
新界西	葵青	35.3	22304	7	17993	15	2	1.98
	荃湾	27.5	5149	13	23990	6	8	7.92
	屯门	17.1	5903	12	18326	13	36	35.64
	元朗	14.4	4435	14	19159	12	24	23.76
	离岛	73.1	895	18	23074	7	0	0.00
新界东	北区	36	2310	16	17910	16	1	0.99
	大埔	60.3	2233	17	22491	9	0	0.00
	沙田	51.4	9603	10	22641	8	0	0.00
	西贡	54.2	3563	15	27048	3	3	2.97
九龙	油尖旺	36.5	49066	2	19576	11	4	3.96
	深水埗	34.2	43362	4	16660	18	6	5.94
	九龙城	43	41790	5	21283	10	2	1.98
	黄大仙	45.4	45724	3	18326	13	0	0.00
	观塘	44.7	57546	1	16793	17	7	6.93

一级指标	二级指标	一级指标	二级指标
人口	人口总数	经济条件	贫穷住户数
	人口密度		贫穷人口数
	流动居民人数		整体贫穷率
	在深圳工作的流动居民人数		65岁及以上人口的贫穷率
	住户有新移民的比例		非从事经济活动的住户数
	新移民人数		非从事经济活动中的料理家务者人数
	65岁及以上的人口数		非从事经济活动中的退休人士人数
	65岁以上人口比例		家庭住户每月收入中位数
	45岁以上人口比例		每月主要职业收入中位数
社会保障	长者抚养比率		失业率
	经济抚养比率		从事较低技术职业的人数
	有领取综合援助的住户数	交通成本	交通路程长度
	有领取长者生活津贴的人数		交通时间
	公屋住户数		交通时间

一级指标	二级指标	一级指标	二级指标
人口	人口总数	经济条件	贫穷住户数
	人口密度		贫穷人口数
	流动居民人数		整体贫穷率
	在深圳工作的流动居民人数		65岁及以上人口的贫穷率
	住户有新移民的比例		非从事经济活动的住户数
	新移民人数		非从事经济活动中的料理家务者人数
	65岁及以上的人口数		非从事经济活动中的退休人士人数
	65岁以上人口比例		家庭住户每月收入中位数
	45岁以上人口比例		每月主要职业收入中位数
社会保障	长者抚养比率		失业率
	经济抚养比率		从事较低技术职业的人数
	有领取综合援助的住户数	交通成本	交通路程长度
	有领取长者生活津贴的人数		交通时间
	公屋住户数		交通时间

参数	OLS	SLM	SEM	GWR	p-value
CONSTANT	-0.1634	10.1415	15.7516	—	—
X1-交通路程长度	-0.3981	-0.4594	-0.4513	[0.4006,-0.3973]	—
X2-65岁及以上人口的贫穷率	0.4499	0.1941	0.1160	[0.4329,0.4631]	—
X3-在深圳工作的流动居民人数	0.0012	0.0017	0.0019	0.0012	—
Sig.	6.4274	4.8385	4.8570	6.3931	—
Adjusted R²	0.5404	—	—	0.5454	—
R²	0.6216	0.724254	0.722141	0.6279	—
Log_L	-56.7694	-54.1338	-54.6522	—	—
AIC	121.539	118.268	117.304	—	—
AICc	128.539	—	—	128.420
SC	125.1	122.719	120.866	—	—
Koenker（BP）	5.6172	—	—	—	0.1318>0.05
F-statistic	7.6646	—	—	—	0.0029<0.01
Jarque-Bera	2.0958	—	—	—	0.3507>0.05
Lagrange Multiplier(lag)	—	9.1577	—	—	0.0025<0.01
Robust LM (lag)	—	4.5897	—	—	0.0321<0.05
Lagrange Multiplier(error)	—	—	4.6354	—	0.0313<0.05
Robust LM (error)	—	—	0.0674	—	0.7951

“一国两制”下香港居民跨境消费行为特征和影响因素研究

The characteristics and causes of Hong Kong residents' cross-border shopping activities under the policy of "one country, two systems": A case study of Shekou, Shenzhen

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Metrics

形式	居住地	属性	男	女	小计
访谈	深圳		16	31	47
	香港		4	11	15
		小计	20	42	62
问卷调查	香港	0—39岁	0	0	0
		40—49岁	1	18	19
		50—59岁	9	16	25
		60岁以上	26	31	57
		在职	13	26	39
		无业	-	3	3
		退休	23	36	59
		小计	36	65	101