山东渤海滨海湿地演变特征及其与人类活动相关性研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.02.2020389

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

滨海湿地是受人类活动影响最显著的地区之一，研究以山东渤海滨海地区为对象，针对1990、2000、2010、2019年遥感影像数据，运用人类活动强度模型和皮尔逊相关系数等方法，探究人类活动影响下滨海湿地演变规律，揭示人类活动与土地利用类型的一般关系，得出以下结论：（1）1990—2019年研究区湿地面积总体增加，人工湿地显著增加，自然湿地显著减少，大面积自然湿地向人工湿地转化，其中黄河三角洲是研究区内自然湿地保留最完好的地区；（2）1990—2019年人类活动强度不断增加，平均值由1990年的8.48上升至2019年的17.07，增幅为101.30%；在不同人类活动强度区，湿地对其起到的主导作用与强弱程度成反比；（3）研究期内，伴随盐田及建设用地面积的不断增加和自然湿地向其他地类的转化，人类活动中-高强度区湿地面积总量较少但不断增加，低强度区湿地面积不断减少但总量较多；（4）从各城市相关性检验结果来看，不同城市人类活动影响因素与湿地面积的相关性存在一定差异，总体上人类活动影响因素与人工湿地呈显著相关，与自然湿地呈显著负相关或不相关。研究可为山东渤海滨海地区湿地保护及应对人为过度开发湿地的行为提供科学依据和重要借鉴。

关键词: 人类活动强度, 渤海, 山东省, 滨海湿地, 皮尔逊相关系数

Abstract:

Coastal Wetland is one of the most significant areas affected by human activities. Based on remote sensing image data in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2019, this study takes the Bohai Sea coastal area of Shandong province as the object and uses human activity intensity model and Pearson correlation coefficient to explore the evolution law of Coastal Wetlands under the influence of human activities, revealing the general relationship between human activities and land use types. The conclusions are as follows: (1) From 1990 to 2019, the total wetland area in the study area increased, the constructed wetland increased significantly, while the natural wetland decreased significantly. A large area of natural wetland was transformed into constructed wetland, and the Yellow River Delta was the best-preserved natural wetland area in the study area. (2) From 1990 to 2019, the intensity of human activities has been increasing continuously. The average value increased from 8.48 in 1990 to 17.07 in 2019 with the increase amplitude of 101.30%. In different regions with different intensity of human activities, the dominant role played by wetlands was inversely proportional to its strength. (3) During the study period, with the continuous increase of salt pan and construction land area and the transformation of natural wetland to other land types, the total wetland area in the middle-high intensity area of human activities is small but increasing, while the area of low-intensity area is decreasing but the total amount is larger. (4) From the correlation test results of these cities, there are some differences in the correlation between human activity influencing factors and wetland area in different cities. On the whole, the influencing factors of human activities are significantly correlated with constructed wetlands, but significantly negatively correlated or uncorrelated with natural wetlands. The research can provide scientific basis and important reference for wetland protection and response to human overexploitation in coastal area of Bohai Sea in Shandong Province.

Key words: intensity of human activity, the Bohai Sea, Shandong Province, coastal wetland, Pearson correlation coefficient

张腾, 常军, 马宇, 孙艺璇, 刘长龙. 山东渤海滨海湿地演变特征及其与人类活动相关性研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2022, 31(2): 329-337.

Teng ZHANG, Jun CHANG, Yu MA, Yixuan SUN, Changlong LIU. Characteristics of wetland evolution and its correlation with human activities in Bohai Sea coast in Shandong Province[J]. World Regional Studies, 2022, 31(2): 329-337.

图/表 8

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土地利用类型		定义	系数
一级分类	二级分类	定义	系数
天然湿地	浅海海域	水深不超过6 m 的水域	0
	湖泊河流	主要河流及湖泊水面	0
	滩涂	淤泥质海滩	0
人工湿地	水库坑塘	水库等人工水工设施或坑塘	0.6
	养殖池	人工养殖的池塘	0.067
	盐田	采盐场、晒盐池等	0.6
非湿地	建设用地	人工修建各类建筑物的土地	1
	林草地	林地、草地	0.067
	耕地	种植各类农作物的土地	0.2

土地利用类型		定义	系数
一级分类	二级分类	定义	系数
天然湿地	浅海海域	水深不超过6 m 的水域	0
	湖泊河流	主要河流及湖泊水面	0
	滩涂	淤泥质海滩	0
人工湿地	水库坑塘	水库等人工水工设施或坑塘	0.6
	养殖池	人工养殖的池塘	0.067
	盐田	采盐场、晒盐池等	0.6
非湿地	建设用地	人工修建各类建筑物的土地	1
	林草地	林地、草地	0.067
	耕地	种植各类农作物的土地	0.2

指标	滨州		东营		潍坊		烟台
指标	自然湿地	人工湿地	自然湿地	人工湿地	自然湿地	人工湿地	自然湿地	人工湿地
地区生产总值	-0.979^*	0.960^*	-0.824	0.990^**	-0.973^*	0.977^*	-0.671	0.953^*
人均生产总值	-0.984^*	0.965^*	-0.974^*	-0.960^*	-0.978^*	0.981^*	-0.679	0.956^*
原盐产量	-0.996^**	0.998^**	-0.858	0.990^**	-0.992^**	0.994^**	-0.867	0.986^*
人口	-0.976^*	0.962^*	-0.667	0.975^*	-0.990^**	0.992^**	-0.897	0.998^**
降雨量	0.006	-0.100	-0.448	0.246	0.407	-0.426	0.414	-0.139
气温	-0.541	0.504	-0.040	0.645	-0.602	0.604	0.566	-0.551

指标	滨州		东营		潍坊		烟台
指标	自然湿地	人工湿地	自然湿地	人工湿地	自然湿地	人工湿地	自然湿地	人工湿地
地区生产总值	-0.979^*	0.960^*	-0.824	0.990^**	-0.973^*	0.977^*	-0.671	0.953^*
人均生产总值	-0.984^*	0.965^*	-0.974^*	-0.960^*	-0.978^*	0.981^*	-0.679	0.956^*
原盐产量	-0.996^**	0.998^**	-0.858	0.990^**	-0.992^**	0.994^**	-0.867	0.986^*
人口	-0.976^*	0.962^*	-0.667	0.975^*	-0.990^**	0.992^**	-0.897	0.998^**
降雨量	0.006	-0.100	-0.448	0.246	0.407	-0.426	0.414	-0.139
气温	-0.541	0.504	-0.040	0.645	-0.602	0.604	0.566	-0.551

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