全球城市生产性服务业网络与科研合作网络的结构差异与内在机制

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.05.20220352

世界地理研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 1-17.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.05.20220352

• 世界政治与经济 •

全球城市生产性服务业网络与科研合作网络的结构差异与内在机制

曹湛¹^,²(), 李迎成³(), 戴靓⁴

^1.同济大学建筑与城市规划学院，上海 200092
^2.自然资源部国土空间智能规划技术重点实验室，上海 200092
^3.东南大学建筑学院，南京 210096
^4.南京财经大学公共管理学院，南京 210023

收稿日期:2022-05-17 修回日期:2022-09-05 出版日期:2023-05-15 发布日期:2023-06-09
通讯作者: 李迎成
作者简介:曹湛（1989—），男，博士，助理教授，主要从事城市网络和创新网络研究，E-mail：1989caozhan@tongji.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52008298);上海市科委软科学项目(23692116700)

The structural differences and mechanisms of global interurban producer services network and scientific collaboration network

Zhan CAO¹^,²(), Yingcheng LI³(), Liang DAI⁴

^1.College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
^2.Key Laboratory of Spatial Intelligent Planning Technology, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai 200092, China
^3.College of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
^4.School of Public Administration, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China

Received:2022-05-17 Revised:2022-09-05 Online:2023-05-15 Published:2023-06-09
Contact: Yingcheng LI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

除了经济本底、区位条件和基础设施等自身禀赋外，城市在全球化进程中的持续竞争力一方面取决于其在全球资本体系中的支配力，另一方面也取决于其在创新网络中的控制力。利用高端生产性服务企业总部-分支数据和Web of Science合著论文数据，分别构建了全球城市生产性服务业网络和全球城市科研合作网络，并对比了两种网络的结构差异，探讨了形成差异的内在机制。研究发现：①空间结构方面，两种网络均呈现出明显的“南-北”分化和“东-西”差距。生产性服务业网络中的顶级城市比科研合作网络中的顶级城市空间分布更为广阔。②拓扑结构方面，生产性服务业网络的总体网络连通性比科研合作网络更高。两种网络均具有小世界性和无标度性，也呈现出明显的“社群”结构和“中心-腹地”结构，但组织形式有所不同。③生产性服务业与科研合作实践逻辑的不同是造成两种城市网络结构差异的内在机制。

关键词: 全球城市, 生产性服务业网络, 科研合作网络, 结构差异, 内在机制

Abstract:

In addition to endowments such as economic bases, locations and infrastructures, the sustained competitiveness of cities in the process of globalization depends on their dominance in the global production and capital system on the one hand, and their technological innovation ability on the other hand. Based on the data of headquarter-branch of advanced producer services firms and the co-publication data from the Web of Science, the study constructs a Global Interurban Producer Services Network (GPSN) and a Global Interurban Scientific Collaboration Network (GSCN), further compares their structural differences and impact factors. The results show: ① In terms of spatial structures, there are clear-cut 'South-North' divide and 'East-West' gap in both networks with highly connected cities concentrated in Europe, North America and Asia-Pacific. The spatial distribution of network connectivity of top cities in the GPSN is flatter than that in the GSCN. ② In terms of topological features, cities in the GPSN are more interconnected than in the GSCN. Small-world and scale-free properties can be found in both networks. The two networks both present identifiable community structures and 'center-hinterlands' structures but with different organization patterns. ③ The differences in practice logic between producer services and scientific collaboration are responsible for their structural differences in the global interurban networks.

Key words: global cities, producer services network, scientific collaboration network, structural differences, internal mechanisms

曹湛, 李迎成, 戴靓. 全球城市生产性服务业网络与科研合作网络的结构差异与内在机制[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(5): 1-17.

Zhan CAO, Yingcheng LI, Liang DAI. The structural differences and mechanisms of global interurban producer services network and scientific collaboration network[J]. World Regional Studies, 2023, 32(5): 1-17.

图/表 9

图1 全球城市生产性服务业网络（a）、科研合作网络（b）城市连接度的空间格局注：基于自然资源部地图技术审查中心标准地图服务网站审图号为GS(2016)1667号的标准地图绘制，底图无修改，文中以下地图同。

Fig.1 The spatial configuration of cities' network connectivity in the global interurban producer services network（a） and scientific collaboration network（b）

表1 全球城市生产性服务业网络和科研合作网络的主要空间统计指标

Tab.1 The spatial statistics of the global interurban producer services network and scientific collaboration network

指标	全球城市生产性服务业网络	全球城市科研合作网络
样本数量/个	526	526
基尼系数	0.59	0.65
变异系数	1.10	1.59

表2 全球城市生产性服务业网络和科研合作网络中连接度排名前20的城市

Tab.2 The 20 most connected cities in the global interurban producer services network and scientific collaboration network

排名	生产性服务业网络		科研合作网络
排名	城市	连接度/%	城市	连接度/%
1	伦敦	100.00	伦敦	100.00
2	纽约	91.77	北京	87.52
3	香港	76.77	波士顿	82.22
4	北京	73.34	纽约	79.91
5	新加坡	70.85	巴黎	69.16
6	上海	66.10	芝加哥	56.39
7	悉尼	63.37	罗马	53.42
8	巴黎	62.72	马德里	53.36
9	迪拜	61.72	米兰	52.21
10	东京	60.29	巴塞罗那	48.38
11	米兰	56.91	多伦多	47.60
12	芝加哥	56.41	东京	46.13
13	莫斯科	55.39	巴尔的摩	44.99
14	多伦多	55.20	费城	44.93
15	圣保罗	54.95	洛杉矶	44.79
16	约翰内斯堡	54.72	西雅图	44.51
17	洛杉矶	53.18	阿姆斯特丹	44.49
18	马德里	53.05	莫斯科	43.69
19	墨西哥城	52.92	休斯敦	42.99
20	吉隆坡	52.29	匹兹堡	41.70

表3 全球城市生产性服务业网络和科研合作网络的总体拓扑特征

Tab.3 The overall topological features of the global interurban producer services and scientific collaboration networks

特征	网络拓扑特征指标	生产性服务业网络	科研合作网络
基本拓扑特征	网络密度	0.86	0.65
	全局网络效率	0.92	0.85
	度-度相关性	－0.06	－0.15
小世界性	平均最短路径	1.14	1.30
	随机网络平均最短路径	1.25	1.38
	全局集聚系数	0.93	0.84
	随机网络全局集聚系数	0.75	0.62
	小世界熵数	1.31	1.81
无标度性	累计度分布幂律指数	1.01	1.09

图2 全球城市生产性服务业网络（a）、科研合作网络（b）的社群结构

Fig.2 The community structure of the global interurban producer services network（a） and scientific collaboration network（b）

图3 全球城市生产性服务业网络的“中心-腹地”结构

Fig.3 The "center-hinterlands" structures of the global interurban producer services network

图4 全球城市科研合作网络的“中心-腹地”结构

Fig.4 The "center-hinterlands" structures of the global interurban scientific collaboration network

图5 影响全球城市生产性服务业网络的内在机制

Fig.5 The formation mechanisms of the global interurban producer services network

图6 影响全球城市科研合作网络的内在机制

Fig.6 The formation mechanisms of the global interurban scientific collaboration network

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全球城市生产性服务业网络与科研合作网络的结构差异与内在机制

The structural differences and mechanisms of global interurban producer services network and scientific collaboration network

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