国际贸易中碳排放与增加值的虚拟转移及其不公平性研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.08.2021735

世界地理研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 16-24.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.08.2021735

国际贸易中碳排放与增加值的虚拟转移及其不公平性研究

邢贞成¹^,²^,³(), 王济干³, 冯奎双⁴^,⁵, 张婕³, 王海鲲¹^,²()

^1.南京大学大气科学学院，南京 210023
^2.关键地球物质循环前沿科学中心，南京 210023
^3.河海大学商学院，南京 211100
^4.马里兰大学地理科学系，科利奇帕克 20742
^5.山东大学蓝绿发展研究院，威海 264209

收稿日期:2021-10-09 修回日期:2022-02-28 出版日期:2023-08-15 发布日期:2023-09-07
通讯作者: 王海鲲
作者简介:邢贞成（1991—），男，助理研究员，博士，研究方向为环境投入产出与贸易碳排放，E-mail： xzc@nju.edu.cn。
基金资助:
教育部人文社科基金项目(21YJC790130);国家自然科学基金项目(41471457);国家社会科学基金项目(22CJY052);中央高校基本业务费(0217-14380197)

Study on virtual transfer of carbon emissions and value added in international trade and its inequality

Zhencheng XING¹^,²^,³(), Jigan WANG³, Kuishuang FENG⁴^,⁵, Jie ZHANG³, Haikun WANG¹^,²()

^1.School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
^2.Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing 210023, China
^3.School of Business, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
^4.Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
^5.Institute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China

Received:2021-10-09 Revised:2022-02-28 Online:2023-08-15 Published:2023-09-07
Contact: Haikun WANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球价值链分工差异导致不同国家在国际贸易中获得经济收益与其承担的环境成本存在不对等现象，造成国际贸易碳不公平性问题。利用多区域投入产出模型追踪国际贸易引致的碳排放和增加值转移，并基于二者的净转移关系，应用距离评价方法构建区域间碳转移不公平性指数，分析全球贸易碳不公平性的静态分布特征和动态演化趋势。研究发现：全球25%左右的碳排放发生在国际贸易品的生产中，且倾向于从发达国家向发展中国家转移。德国、英国、法国和意大利等欧洲发达国家通过消费其他国家的产品将43%~59%的碳排放转移出去，而将超过80%的贸易增加值留在本国，实现了经济和环境的双赢；而中国等发展中国家由于产业结构劣势，净转入的增加值相对于净转入的碳排放来说要小得多，遭受来自发达国家的碳转移不公平性。发达国家与发展中国家之间的碳转移不公平性程度较大，而发达国家之间的不公平程度较小。不过，随着经济全球化发展，全球贸易碳不公平问题在研究期间有所改善。

关键词: 国际贸易, 多区域投入产出, 碳转移, 距离评价, 不公平性

Abstract:

Differences in global value chain division of labor lead to the unequal phenomenon between the economic benefits and environmental costs of different countries in international trade, resulting in the carbon inequality of international trade. This paper used a multi-regional input-output model to track the carbon emissions and value-added transfer caused by international trade, and used the distance evaluation method to construct an inter-regional carbon transfer inequality index based on the net transfer relationship between the two, and analyzed the static distribution characteristics and dynamic evolution trend of global trade carbon inequality. It is found that developed European countries, such as Germany, Britain, France and Italy, have out

邢贞成, 王济干, 冯奎双, 张婕, 王海鲲. 国际贸易中碳排放与增加值的虚拟转移及其不公平性研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2023, 32(8): 16-24.

Zhencheng XING, Jigan WANG, Kuishuang FENG, Jie ZHANG, Haikun WANG. Study on virtual transfer of carbon emissions and value added in international trade and its inequality[J]. World Regional Studies, 2023, 32(8): 16-24.

图/表 6

图1 区域间碳转移不公平指数示意图

Fig.1 Sketch chart of inter-regional carbon transfer inequality index

图2 全球贸易隐含碳排放及其所占比重变化趋势

Fig. 2 Trends of carbon emission embodied in global trade and its share in total global carbon emission

图3 1995-2015年发达国家和发展中国家的累积碳转移关系

Fig. 3 Cumulative carbon transfers between developed and developing countries during 1995-2015

图4 2015年全球49个国家（地区）之间碳和增加值的净转移矩阵注：具体国家名单详见Exiobase数据库官网。

Fig.4 Net transfer matrices of carbon emissions and value added between 49 countries （regions） in 2015

图5 2015年全球区域间碳转移不公平性指数分类

Fig.5 Classification of global inter-regional carbon transfer inequality scores in 2015

图6 1995和2015年全球区域间碳转移不公平性核密度分布

Fig.6 Kernel density curves of global inter-regional carbon transfer inequality in 1995 and 2015

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国际贸易中碳排放与增加值的虚拟转移及其不公平性研究

Study on virtual transfer of carbon emissions and value added in international trade and its inequality

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