世界地理研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 1-18.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2025.05.20230879
• 世界政治与经济 •
收稿日期:
2023-12-25
修回日期:
2024-06-02
出版日期:
2025-05-15
发布日期:
2025-06-03
通讯作者:
孙涵彦
作者简介:
司月芳(1982—),女,教授,博士,研究方向为中国对外直接投资、创新网络和区域经济发展,E-mail:yfsi@re.ecnu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
Yuefang SI1,2(), Hanyan SUN2(
), Yutian LIANG3
Received:
2023-12-25
Revised:
2024-06-02
Online:
2025-05-15
Published:
2025-06-03
Contact:
Hanyan SUN
摘要:
随着经济地理学的不断发展,全球-地方尺度的重要性不断提升,针对创新活动的研究也不断扩展。其中,中国企业海外R&D中心的投资区位选择成为亟待深入研究的课题。受数据所限,现有研究或停留在微观尺度分析企业战略对R&D投资的影响,或停留在国家尺度测度科技资源、人力资源等传统的区位因素影响,而关注跟随投资且基于大规模数据库进行中国企业海外R&D中心的定量研究则相对匮乏。本文从BVD-ORBIS全球企业数据库中提取中国企业海外R&D中心的相关数据,运用空间可视化和条件Logit模型,探究其空间扩展过程和区位选择的影响因素。研究发现:①中国企业首先在邻近的中国香港、新加坡等先进区位布局海外R&D中心,之后在美国硅谷、德国慕尼黑等全球卓越中心布局;②中国企业存在跟随投资行为,倾向于在中国企业海外R&D中心集聚度高的城市设立R&D中心,以降低“外来者劣势”和“局外者劣势”,并且这种倾向在中国民营企业和中国低技术企业中更为突出;③中国企业重视投资目的地所拥有的高级别科技资源丰富程度,当地科技集群等级越高、世界级高校数量越多,就越能吸引中国企业设立海外R&D中心,但这一倾向在中美贸易冲突后有所减弱。
司月芳, 孙涵彦, 梁育填. 中国企业海外R&D中心的区位选择[J]. 世界地理研究, 2025, 34(5): 1-18.
Yuefang SI, Hanyan SUN, Yutian LIANG. Location selection of overseas R&D centers of Chinese enterprises: Based on the perspective of following investment[J]. World Regional Studies, 2025, 34(5): 1-18.
表1 变量说明
Tab.1 Variable description
序号 | ||||
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表2 设立海外R&D中心的主要中国企业名录
Tab.2 List of major Chinese enterprises setting overseas R&D centers
序号 | ||||
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图2 中国企业海外R&D中心排名前10的行业分布情况注:依据国家质检总局发布的《国民经济行业分类(GB/T 4754—2017)》标准对企业进行二位数行业分类,再根据国家统计局发布的《高技术产业(制造业)分类(2017)》和《高技术产业(服务业)分类(2018)》,进一步划分高技术产业和低技术产业。
Fig.2 Top 10 industries of Chinese enterprises' overseas R&D centers
表3 中国企业海外R&D中心发展历程
Tab.3 Development history of Chinese enterprises’ overseas R&D centers
表4 中国企业海外R&D中心的区位基尼系数变化(城市尺度)
Tab.4 Changes of Location Gini coefficient of Chinese enterprises’ overseas R&D centers (city scale)
图6 不同技术含量行业的中国企业海外R&D中心分布情况(城市尺度)
Fig.6 Distribution of Chinese enterprises’ overseas R&D centers in different technology content industries (city scale)
表5 各变量相关系数矩阵
Tab.5 Correlation coefficient matrix of each variable
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— | |||
表6 所有中国企业海外R&D中心区位因子回归分析
Tab.6 Regression analysis of location factors of all Chinese enterprises' overseas R&D centers
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— | |||
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表7 不同行业技术含量和企业所有制的区位因子回归分析
Tab.7 Regression analysis of location factors in different technological content and ownership
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- | ||||
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表8 中美贸易冲突前后的区位因子回归分析
Tab.8 Regression analysis of location factors in different stages
- | ||
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