主管单位:中国科学技术协会
主办单位:中国地理学会
承办单位:华东师范大学

世界地理研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 17-31.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2026.04.20250303

• 世界政治与经济 • 上一篇    下一篇

全球海洋边界治理的地缘逻辑转向

马仁锋1,2(), 李亮亮1,2, 梁贤军1,2   

  1. 1.宁波大学,东海研究院,宁波 315211
    2.宁波大学,地理与空间信息技术系,宁波 315211
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-27 修回日期:2025-06-28 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-29
  • 作者简介:马仁锋(1979—),男,博士,教授/博导,研究方向为经理地理学与陆海国土空间统筹治理,E-mail: marfxf@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家社科基金研究专项研究项目(24VHQ008)

Geopolitical shift in global marine boundary governance

Renfeng MA1,2(), Liangliang LI1,2, Xianjun LIANG1,2   

  1. 1.Donghai Institute, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
    2.Department of Geography& Spatial Information Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
  • Received:2025-03-27 Revised:2025-06-28 Online:2026-04-15 Published:2026-04-29

摘要:

21世纪以来,全球海洋权益重组过程涌现出资源争夺、战略通道控制及权益空间重叠等难题,均指向国家海洋边界划分逻辑的转型。主要体现在如下方面:①国家海洋边界划分的逻辑,正从基于国际判例、等距离原则及大陆架自然延伸等传统依据,转向沿海国家在海洋资源、经济与空间方面的多元化诉求。②深海探测、遥感与自动识别系统等手段所构建的完整证据链,正取代国际海洋划界的传统逻辑,成为支持历史性主权主张与大陆架划界法则的主导因素。基于上述转变,亟须从以下方面破解海洋划界僵局:修订并补充《联合国海洋法公约》的相关原则,纳入深海探测、实时监测等技术体系,构建开放包容的多边合作平台,推动沿海国家、海洋社群与非国家行为体在规则制定、数据共享与争端协调中的共建共治;同时,推动海洋法与新兴海洋技术深度融合,将以陆地主权地缘博弈为核心的传统划界逻辑,转向基于遥感监测、深海探测等技术手段构建的海洋主权地缘博弈逻辑,最终推动全球海洋治理体系向更透明与可持续的方向演进。

关键词: 海洋边界划分, 海洋地缘经济, 技术地缘政治, 非对称能力, 海洋人文地理学

Abstract:

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the global restructuring of maritime rights and interests has given rise to challenges such as resource competition, control over strategic passages, and overlapping claims, all of which point to a transformation in the logic of national maritime boundary delimitation. This transformation is mainly reflected in the following aspects: ① The logic of national maritime boundary delimitation is shifting from traditional bases such as international jurisprudence, the equidistance principle, and the natural prolongation of the continental shelf, towards the diverse claims of coastal states in terms of marine resources, economy, and space. ② The complete chain of evidence constructed by means such as deep-sea exploration, remote sensing (RS), and automatic identification systems (AIS) is replacing the traditional logic of international maritime delimitation and becoming the dominant factor supporting historic sovereignty claims and continental shelf delimitation rules. Based on the above transformation, it is imperative to break the deadlock in maritime delimitation from the following aspects: revise and supplement the relevant principles of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) by incorporating standardized technical systems such as deep-sea exploration and real-time monitoring; build an open and inclusive multilateral cooperation platform to promote the joint governance of coastal states. At the same time, it is essential to promote the integration of maritime law and emerging marine technologies. And ultimately achieve the coupling of the above-mentioned technologies with negotiation platforms, steering the global ocean governance system towards a more transparent, verifiable, and sustainable direction.

Key words: maritime boundary demarcation, maritime geoeconomics, technological geopolitics, asymmetric capabilities, maritime human geography