南海渔业资源开发利用的时空特征及其治理

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2022.04.20222006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

南海渔业开发为维护我国渔业利益和海洋权益发挥了重大作用，近年来急速衰退的渔业资源和不断升温的冲突态势亟须寻找治理革新的突破口。基于此，首先从南海渔业资源环境特点、南海渔业资源开发利用历史沿革与现状，辨析南海渔业时空格局，指出南海渔业资源环境具有跨越国家界线的互通性、整体性与相互依赖性，且周边国家和地区对南海渔业高度依赖，并已经造成资源环境严重衰退。其次通过对南海渔业冲突和南海渔业资源治理所面临的挑战的梳理，指出引发南海渔业冲突的条件今后很可能更加普遍，亟需南海各方共同面对渔业可持续性危机，而南海地区面临的渔业资源环境退化、系统认知不足、区域协作有限等共性挑战与利益诉求，可成为促进区域合作的纽带。最后以区域渔业资源治理为抓手，提出了构建南海命运共同体的建设思路：从推动绿色水产养殖、增强资源环境修复、深化科研共享等方面开展务实的渔业资源治理合作；在区域、国家、地方层面完善跨尺度的海洋治理措施落实体系，协同提升国家层面的顶层涉海涉渔政策设计，强化地方、私营部门和公民个人在南海区域共建中的作用；从建立健全区域组织和完善区域海洋法制推动构建区域层面合作治理体系。

关键词: 南海, 渔业冲突, 可持续性, 渔业资源治理, 海洋命运共同体

Abstract:

Fishery development in the South China Sea (SCS) has played an important role in safeguarding China's fishery and maritime rights and interests. In recent years, the rapid decline of fishery resources and the rising conflict situation need to find a breakthrough in governance innovation.Based on this, this article first analyze spatio-temporal patterns of SCS fisheries from two aspects: SCS fishery resources and environment characteristics, and historical evolution and present situation of SCS fishery resources development and utilization, points out that SCS fishery resources and environment have interoperability, integrity and mutual dependence across national boundaries. In addition, the surrounding countries and regions are highly dependent on the fishery in SCS, which has caused serious degradation of resources and environment. Second, through analyzing SCS fishing conflicts, SCS fishery resources management challenges, points out that the conditions of causing conflict in SCS fisheries may be more common, there is an urgent need for all parties in SCS to confront the fisheries sustainability crisis. Facing common challenges and interests such as degradation of fishery resources and environment, lack of systematic science and limited regional collaboration, could serve as a link for regional cooperation. Finally, based on the governance of regional fishery resources, the guidelines of building a maritime community with shared future in SCS are put forward. Practical cooperation on fishery resource management could be carried out by promoting green aquaculture, enhancing resource and environmental restoration and deepening scientific research sharing. The cross-scale implementation system of maritime governance measures could be improved at regional, national and local levels through coordinating with neighboring countries to improve the top-level maritime and fishery policies at the domestic level, and strengthen the role of local governments, private sectors and individual citizens in SCS cooperation activities. Promoting the construction of regional cooperation governance system through the establishment and improvement of regional organizations and regional maritime legal system.

Key words: South China Sea, fishing conflicts, sustainability, fishery resource governance, maritime community with shared future

赵欣. 南海渔业资源开发利用的时空特征及其治理[J]. 世界地理研究, 2022, 31(4): 762-772.

Xin ZHAO. Spatio-temporal characteristics of fishery resources utilization in the South China Sea and its governance[J]. World Regional Studies, 2022, 31(4): 762-772.

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