关键词: 北冰洋, 北极地区, 北极航运, 战略价值, 战略博弈, 国际规则沿革

Abstract:

The Arctic route includes the northeast route, the northwest route and the pole-crossing route in the middle of the Arctic Ocean. The Arctic shipping route has attracted the attention of countries both inside and outside the Arctic region due to its unique strategic position and potential development value. Although the Arctic route is controlled by countries along the route due to its geographical characteristics, the public nature of the route itself determines the "spillover" of its strategic value, and countries outside the Arctic region also have important national interests in the Arctic route. At present, there are some contradictions in the Arctic route, such as the international rules are not integrated and the domestic law conflicts with the international rules. Russia and Canada "internalize" the northeast route and the northwest route, the fundamental factor causing the conflict of domestic and foreign rules. As a major shipping country in the northern hemisphere, the opening of the Arctic route will further promote China's international trade and safeguard China's oil and energy security reserves, which are of great strategic significance to China. As a result, raising the participation of the Arctic shipping, through the "responsible" nation image and Arctic national cooperation way involved in the Arctic to protect domestic shipping interests, promoting the Arctic shipping to perfect the governance rules system, is China's countermeasures suitable for the participation in the Arctic routes to practice.

Key words: Arctic Ocean, Arctic region, Arctic shipping, strategic value, strategic game, evolution of international rules