Abstract: The GEM listing corporations which are mainly in high technology industry, are typical representatives of China’s science and technology innovation-oriented enterprises. The spatial distribution pattern of the GEM reflects the spatial difference of China's regional innovation capability. This paper investigated the spatial pattern of listed companies on GEM in China from 2009 to 2015 at different spatial scales, using the exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) based on ArcGIS and GeoDA platform, the spatial development tendency and the related influencing factors of regional innovation capacity were also probed. The results indicate that: 1) There is an obvious spatial aggregation tendency of listed companies on GEM in China. Regional innovation capacity shows a ladder level distribution. While innovation capacity of the eastern region is generally higher, innovation capacity of the central provinces is general, and innovation capacity of the northeast and western region is relatively low. The mean center of the listed companies on GEM is moving towards east and south, the migration rate is gradually slowing down. 2) The spatial distribution of listed companies on GEM exhibited significant spatial autocorrelation, and the spatial correlation degree of listed companies on GEM has shown a rising trend. 3) The hot spots gradually concentrated in Beijing and Tianjin, the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta metropolitan. The hot spots and secondary hot spots scope is narrowing down. As a result, the innovation capacity disparities enlarged between the eastern and the central-western China. 4) The economic openness degree and the number of invention patens are the key factors affecting the spatial pattern of listed companies on GEM. The level of economic development and the level of higher education have little effect on the spatial distribution of listed companies on GEM.