资源型城市生态文明建设与旅游发展协调关系

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2020.02.2018551

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

资源型城市是国家生态文明建设的重要关注点，旅游是资源城市转型发展的重要方向，因此探究二者协调发展关系具有重要现实价值。从双向视角探究了资源型城市生态文明与旅游发展协调互动关系。选择典型资源型城市——六盘水市为研究案例，实证研究发现：1）2000—2017年六盘水市生态文明建设与旅游发展都呈现出阶段性增长态势,但旅游发展相对滞后，二者差异呈现出趋于同步——迅速扩大——缩小的发展态势；2）2000—2017年生态文明建设与旅游发展耦合度除2000年（0.614）外，其他年份均在0.85以上，表明六盘水市生态文明建设与旅游发展相互作用强度较高。3）从协调度上看，2000—2017年生态文明建设与旅游发展协调性整体呈现上升态势，协调程度从重度失调（0.1707）发展到优质协调（0.9891）。以2005、2011和2015年为临界点划分为失调、逐步改善、优化提升和协调发展四个阶段；4）六盘水市生态文明建设与旅游发展演化呈正相关关系且显著性极高，但旅游因子对生态文明建设的驱动作用（95.60%）高于生态文明建设对旅游发展的支撑力（90.37%），二者存在互馈耦合的一般特征且表现出明显的旅游产业发展对区域生态文明建设的优势支撑效应。建议从统筹生态文明与旅游发展步伐、促进生态文明建设与旅游发展部门协同合作等两方面促进二者协调发展。

关键词: 资源型城市, 生态文明建设, 旅游发展, 协调关系, 耦合态势, 六盘水市

Abstract:

After sorting out the basic concepts of resource-based cities, this paper analyzed the general characteristics of the Ecological Civilization Construction of Resource-based Cities from the multiple challenges and policy-driven. It is summarized from the bidirectional angle of Mutual travel mechanism between ecological civilization construction and tourism development of resource-based cities. Selecting a typical mountain resource city which is Liupanshui city as a research case, empirical research shows that:1) From 2000 to 2017, the construction of ecological civilization and tourism development in Liupanshui city showed a period of growth trend, but the development of tourism was relatively lagging behind, and the differences between them showed a trend of convergence, rapid expansion, and shrinking development.2) In 2000-2017, the coupling degree between ecological civilization construction and tourism development was above 0.85 (0.614) except in 2000 (0.614), indicating that the interaction between ecological civilization construction and tourism development in Liupanshui city is relatively high.3) From the perspective of coordination, the coordination of ecological civilization construction and tourism development in 2000-2017 showed an overall upward trend, and the degree of coordination developed from severe imbalance (0.1707) to high quality coordination (0.9891).Taking 2005, 2011 and 2015 as the dividing line, it can be divided into four stages: imbalance, gradual improvement, optimization and promotion, and coordinated development.4) The ecological civilization construction of Liupanshui city is positively correlated with the development of tourism and is highly significant, but the driving effects of tourism factor on ecological civilization construction (95.60%) is higher than the support of ecological civilization construction on tourism development (90.37%). The relationship between these two have showed the general characteristics of cross-feed coupling and the development of tourism industry have an obvious supporting effect on regional ecological civilization construction. It is suggested to promote the coordinated development in two aspects: the pace of ecological civilization and tourism development need to be coordinated; the collaboration between departments of ecological civilization construction and tourism development should be promoted.

Key words: resource-based cities, ecological civilization, tourism development, coordination relationship, coupling situation, Liupanshui

杨承玥, 刘安乐, 明庆忠, 秦趣, 王艳梅. 资源型城市生态文明建设与旅游发展协调关系[J]. 世界地理研究, 2020, 29(2): 366-377.

Chengyue YANG, Anle LIU, Qingzhong MING, Qu QIN, Yanmei WANG. Association mechanism between ecological civilization construction and tourism development of resource-based city[J]. World Regional Studies, 2020, 29(2): 366-377.

图/表 8

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目标层	指标类	指标层及性质	单位	权重
生态文明建设（EC）	经济生态文明JEC （0.2343）	人均GDP +	元	0.0604
		城镇居民可支配收入+	元	0.0573
		农村居民纯收入+	元	0.0608
		第三产业增加值比	%	0.0570
	社会生态文明SEC （0.3215）	城镇化率+	%	0.0602
		登记失业率—	%	0.0568
		建成区绿化覆盖率+	%	0.0606
		卫生机构数+	个	0.0566
		公共厕所+	座	0.0681
	文化生态文明WEC （0.1240）	文化场馆数+	个	0.0694
	文化生态文明WEC （0.1240）	在校大学生数+	人	0.0644
	环境生态文明HEC （0.2521）	森林覆盖率+	%	0.0614
		万元GDP能耗—	吨标准煤/万元	0.0572
		工业废弃物利用率+	%	0.0690
		城镇污水处理率+	%	0.0643
		生活垃圾处理率+	%	0.0598
旅游发展（TD）	旅游经济效应JTD 0.5113	旅游外汇收入+	万美元	0.1329
		入境旅游人次+	万人次	0.0909
		旅游国内收入+	亿元	0.0989
		国内旅游人次+	万人次	0.1885
	旅游产业基础CTD 0.4887	A级旅游景区数+	个	0.1675
		旅行社数+	个	0.0935
		星级饭店数量+	个	0.1101
		等级公路交通里程+	km	0.1176

目标层	指标类	指标层及性质	单位	权重
生态文明建设（EC）	经济生态文明JEC （0.2343）	人均GDP +	元	0.0604
		城镇居民可支配收入+	元	0.0573
		农村居民纯收入+	元	0.0608
		第三产业增加值比	%	0.0570
	社会生态文明SEC （0.3215）	城镇化率+	%	0.0602
		登记失业率—	%	0.0568
		建成区绿化覆盖率+	%	0.0606
		卫生机构数+	个	0.0566
		公共厕所+	座	0.0681
	文化生态文明WEC （0.1240）	文化场馆数+	个	0.0694
	文化生态文明WEC （0.1240）	在校大学生数+	人	0.0644
	环境生态文明HEC （0.2521）	森林覆盖率+	%	0.0614
		万元GDP能耗—	吨标准煤/万元	0.0572
		工业废弃物利用率+	%	0.0690
		城镇污水处理率+	%	0.0643
		生活垃圾处理率+	%	0.0598
旅游发展（TD）	旅游经济效应JTD 0.5113	旅游外汇收入+	万美元	0.1329
		入境旅游人次+	万人次	0.0909
		旅游国内收入+	亿元	0.0989
		国内旅游人次+	万人次	0.1885
	旅游产业基础CTD 0.4887	A级旅游景区数+	个	0.1675
		旅行社数+	个	0.0935
		星级饭店数量+	个	0.1101
		等级公路交通里程+	km	0.1176

类型	失调类		过渡类	协调类
分级	（0，0.20]	（0.20，0.40]	（0.40，0.60]	（0.60，0.80]	（0.80，1]
协调类别	重度失调	轻度失调	初步协调	良好协调	优质协调

类型	失调类		过渡类	协调类
分级	（0，0.20]	（0.20，0.40]	（0.40，0.60]	（0.60，0.80]	（0.80，1]
协调类别	重度失调	轻度失调	初步协调	良好协调	优质协调

年份	C	G	D	对比关系	协调类型
2000	0.6142	0.0474	0.1707	T < E	重度失调旅游发展滞后型
2001	0.8846	0.0782	0.2630	T < E	轻度失调旅游发展滞后型
2002	0.9084	0.0871	0.2814	T < E	轻度失调旅游发展滞后型
2003	0.8647	0.1069	0.3040	T < E	轻度失调旅游发展滞后型
2004	0.8804	0.1048	0.3037	T < E	轻度失调旅游发展滞后型
2005	0.8961	0.1314	0.3431	T < E	轻度失调旅游发展滞后型
2006	0.9873	0.1791	0.4205	T < E	初步协调旅游发展滞后型
2007	0.9493	0.2561	0.4931	T < E	初步协调旅游发展滞后型
2008	0.9628	0.2265	0.4670	T < E	初步协调旅游发展滞后型
2009	0.9546	0.2667	0.5046	T < E	初步协调旅游发展滞后型
2010	0.9258	0.3370	0.5585	T < E	初步协调旅游发展滞后型
2011	0.9006	0.3757	0.5817	T < E	初步协调旅游发展滞后型
2012	0.9158	0.4339	0.6303	T < E	良好协调旅游发展滞后型
2013	0.9254	0.5013	0.6811	T < E	良好协调旅游发展滞后型
2014	0.9221	0.5519	0.7134	T < E	良好协调旅游发展滞后型
2015	0.9310	0.6266	0.7638	T < E	良好协调旅游发展滞后型
2016	0.9808	0.7501	0.8577	T < E	优质协调旅游发展滞后型
2017	0.9999	0.9785	0.9891	R ≈ T	优质协调生态文明-旅游发展同步型