生命周期视角下建成环境对居民休闲体力活动的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2019.05.chenfei

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来，建成环境对居民休闲体力活动的影响受到广泛的关注，但这种影响对于生命周期不同阶段居民来说是否存在差异需深入研究。因此，本文基于生命周期理论，将广州市居民划分为无子阶段、满巢阶段Ⅰ、满巢阶段Ⅱ、空巢期四个阶段，利用多元线性回归方程，研究建成环境对生命周期不同阶段居民休闲体力活动影响的差异。研究发现：（1）各阶段居民散步、中等强度、高强度休闲体力活动的频率和时间差异显著，但休闲体力活动水平无明显差异。（2）由于各阶段居民生活方式和休闲行为不同，建成环境对其休闲体力活动水平的影响存在差异。各阶段居民都受到康体设施密度的正向影响。此外，无子阶段居民偏好多样化且中高强度休闲体力活动，因此受POI密度和交叉口密度正向影响较大。满巢阶段Ⅰ与满巢阶段Ⅱ的居民受到家庭束缚较大，受建成环境影响较小。空巢期居民偏好于散步，受土地利用多样性的正向影响较大，土地利用多样性高的地区，空巢期居民出门活动的几率更高。考虑到各阶段人群特征及需求差异，应采取差异化的建成环境改善措施，提供个性化的服务供给。

关键词: 生命周期, 建成环境, 休闲体力活动, 广州, 无子阶段, 满巢阶段, 空巢阶段

Abstract:

The relationship between built environment and leisure time physical activity(LTPA) is a popular issue in recent years. However, the difference between residents at different stages of Life Cycle needs to be studied. Using multiple linear regression equation, this study compares the difference effects of built environment on the residents' LTPA between different stages of Life Cycle. Firstly, residents in Guangzhou are divided into non-subsidiary stage, Phase I of the full nest stage, Phase II of the full nest and empty-nest period based on the Life Cycle theory. According to the results, there is significant difference in the frequency and time of walking, moderate intensity physical activity and high intensity physical activity, while there is no significant difference on the Mets of LTPA. Secondly, the effects of the built environment on the Mets of LTPA of residents are different. Residents at all stages are positively affected by the density of fitness facilities. Residents at the stage of non-subsidiary prefer to choose diversified leisure physical activities of moderate intensity or high intensity, so the high density of POI and intersections has a positive impact. The residents at the stage of Phase I of the full nest stage and Phase II of the full nest are bound by family life and less affected by the built environment. The residents at the stage of empty-nest prefer to walk, so they are affected more by the differentiated land use patterns. Living in the areas with differentiated land use patterns, the residents at the stage of empty-nest are more likely to go out. Thus, considering the different characteristics and needs of the residents, the distribution of service facilities should be different.

Key words: life cycle, built environmental, leisure time physical activity, Guangzhou, non-subsidiary stage, Phase I of the full nest stage, Phase II of the full nest, empty-nest period

陈菲, 周素红, 张琳. 生命周期视角下建成环境对居民休闲体力活动的影响[J]. 世界地理研究, 2019, 28(5): 106-117.

Fei CHEN, Suhong ZHOU, Lin ZHANG. Influence of built environment on residents' leisure time physical activity from the perspective of life cycle[J]. World Regional Studies, 2019, 28(5): 106-117.

图/表 6

参考文献 35

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强度类型	测量指标
散步	频率：在过去7天内，您有____天外出散步（以休息游憩为目的），且持续时间超过10分钟？
散步	平均时间：外出散步的几天内平均每天花在散步中的时间是多少 ____分钟？
中等强度休闲体力活动	频率：在过去的7天内，您有____天参加了中度体力活动的健身锻炼（如快速行走、跳交谊舞、打保龄球，乒乓球、羽毛球等），且持续时间超过10分钟？
中等强度休闲体力活动	平均时间：平均每次花____分钟从事中度体力活动的健身锻炼？
高强度休闲体力活动	频率：在过去的7天内，您有____天参加了高强度休闲体力活动的健身锻炼（如有氧健身、跑步、快速骑车、游泳，及足球篮球类活动等），且持续时间超过10分钟？
高强度休闲体力活动	平均时间：参加高强度休闲活动的几天内平均每天花____分钟从事高强度休闲活动？

强度类型	测量指标
散步	频率：在过去7天内，您有____天外出散步（以休息游憩为目的），且持续时间超过10分钟？
散步	平均时间：外出散步的几天内平均每天花在散步中的时间是多少 ____分钟？
中等强度休闲体力活动	频率：在过去的7天内，您有____天参加了中度体力活动的健身锻炼（如快速行走、跳交谊舞、打保龄球，乒乓球、羽毛球等），且持续时间超过10分钟？
中等强度休闲体力活动	平均时间：平均每次花____分钟从事中度体力活动的健身锻炼？
高强度休闲体力活动	频率：在过去的7天内，您有____天参加了高强度休闲体力活动的健身锻炼（如有氧健身、跑步、快速骑车、游泳，及足球篮球类活动等），且持续时间超过10分钟？
高强度休闲体力活动	平均时间：参加高强度休闲活动的几天内平均每天花____分钟从事高强度休闲活动？

变量		指标	百分比或均值
个体属性	性别	男/女	49.2%/50.8%
	户口	本地/外地	77.7%/22.3%
	学历	初中及以下/(高中或中专/中技/职高)/ (大专/本科及以上)	16.5%/37.6%/45.9%
	个人月收入	3000元以下/3000-4999元/5000-8999元/9000-12000元/12000元以上	9.0%/38.4%/44.4%/3.2%/5.0%
	健康状况	非常差/较差/一般/较好/非常好	0.6%/5.1%/21.5%/54.6%/18.2%
社会文化因素	与家人一起运动	经常/偶尔/从不	19.2%/62.6%/18.2%
社会文化因素	与朋友一起运动	经常/偶尔/从不	18.7%/57.3%/24%
建成环境因素	POI密度/（个/km²）		1186.1
	交叉口密度/（个/ km²）		72.0
	土地利用混合度		0.6
	康体设施密度/（个/ km²）		4.3
	公园广场密度/（个/ km²）		1.2

变量		指标	百分比或均值
个体属性	性别	男/女	49.2%/50.8%
	户口	本地/外地	77.7%/22.3%
	学历	初中及以下/(高中或中专/中技/职高)/ (大专/本科及以上)	16.5%/37.6%/45.9%
	个人月收入	3000元以下/3000-4999元/5000-8999元/9000-12000元/12000元以上	9.0%/38.4%/44.4%/3.2%/5.0%
	健康状况	非常差/较差/一般/较好/非常好	0.6%/5.1%/21.5%/54.6%/18.2%
社会文化因素	与家人一起运动	经常/偶尔/从不	19.2%/62.6%/18.2%
社会文化因素	与朋友一起运动	经常/偶尔/从不	18.7%/57.3%/24%
建成环境因素	POI密度/（个/km²）		1186.1
	交叉口密度/（个/ km²）		72.0
	土地利用混合度		0.6
	康体设施密度/（个/ km²）		4.3
	公园广场密度/（个/ km²）		1.2

各阶段	散步		中等强度休闲活动		高强度休闲活动		休闲体力活动水平（MET-min/w）
各阶段	频率（次/周）	时间（分钟/周）	频率（次/周）	时间（分钟/周）	频率（次/周）	时间（分钟/周）	休闲体力活动水平（MET-min/w）
无子阶段	0.79	49.27	0.63	44.30	0.78	84.82	1018.36
满巢阶段Ⅰ	1.28	89.19	0.69	65.24	0.41	27.32	773.83
满巢阶段Ⅱ	1.27	92.34	0.56	41.33	0.52	43.05	829.67
空巢期	1.41	137.36	0.52	44.96	0.37	35.60	917.90
全样本	1.23	99.52	0.58	46.95	0.50	46.51	892.74