职住建成环境对郊区居民通勤方式的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.02.2019503

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

郊区化带来的职住空间分离与机动化出行问题受到了城市地理与城市规划界的广泛关注。汽车依赖已经成为大城市郊区空间发展过程中面临的现实问题，如何减少汽车通勤比例、鼓励公共交通和非机动化通勤，已经成为城市交通可持续发展的重要目标。基于城市兴趣点数据（POI）与2017年上海市郊区居民活动日志调查数据，通过多项logit模型分析了居民居住地与工作地周边建成环境对通勤方式的影响，并建立中介效应模型探讨长距离通勤对通勤方式产生的间接效应。研究发现提升居住地的地铁站可达性、土地混合利用程度，控制居住地和工作地的设施密度等措施有利于减少汽车出行，而建成环境特征差异对通勤方式的影响要大于对通勤距离的影响。通勤距离对通勤方式选择具有显著的中介效应，对于步行和自行车通勤的影响最为明显。社区环境的提升应从增加设施多样性和公共交通可达性，营造良好的步行、骑行环境等方面来促进居民的绿色通勤行为。

关键词: 建成环境, 通勤方式, 通勤距离, 中介效应, 上海郊区

Abstract:

With the development of suburbanization, the spatial pattern between residential place and workplace has become more separated, and the problem caused by citizen's more motorized travels also become an important issue for urban development.Based on the urban POI (point of interest) data and the survey data of suburban residents' activity logs in a considerable number of suburban communities in Shanghai in 2017, this study established the multiple logit models to analyze the impact of the built environment, both around the residential and working areas for suburban residents on commuting modes, and the multiple logit models also involve residents' social and economic characteristics as control variables. Also, a mediation effect model is established to explore the indirect effects between commuting distance and commuting mode, especially for some residents who need to commute in a long distance. By the analytical outcomes of the multiple logit models and the mediation effect model, it found that some important measures such as improving the accessibility of the subway station in public transportation system for suburban communities, improving the degree of mixed land-use in neighborhood, and controlling the density of facilities both in neighborhood and workplace, are some beneficial and effective way to reduce car-use in commuting mode for residents.

Key words: built environment, commuting mode, commuting distance, mediation effect, Shanghai suburbs

朱秋宇, 塔娜. 职住建成环境对郊区居民通勤方式的影响[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(2): 433-442.

Qiuyu ZHU, Na TA. The impact of built environment in neighborhood and workplace on suburban residents' commuting mode: A case study in Shanghai[J]. World Regional Studies, 2021, 30(2): 433-442.

图/表 6

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区域	居民样本数量	调查社区个数
宝山	29	4
奉贤	51	6
嘉定	42	6
金山	61	9
闵行	46	9
浦东	130	15
青浦	29	5
松江	24	4

区域	居民样本数量	调查社区个数
宝山	29	4
奉贤	51	6
嘉定	42	6
金山	61	9
闵行	46	9
浦东	130	15
青浦	29	5
松江	24	4

变量	变量类型		描述	比例/%	变量	变量类型	平均值
性别	虚拟变量	0	男	56
		1	女	44	年龄	连续变量	36.3
户口	虚拟变量	0	非上海户口	0.47
		1	上海户口	0.53	平均月收入（元）	连续变量	6844.3
婚姻	虚拟变量	0	未婚	0.22
		1	已婚	0.78	小汽车数量	连续变量	0.67
住房产权	虚拟变量	0	无住房产权	0.34
		1	自有产权	0.66	电动车数量	连续变量	0.54
有无驾照	虚拟变量	0	无驾照	0.38
		1	有驾照	0.62

变量	变量类型		描述	比例/%	变量	变量类型	平均值
性别	虚拟变量	0	男	56
		1	女	44	年龄	连续变量	36.3
户口	虚拟变量	0	非上海户口	0.47
		1	上海户口	0.53	平均月收入（元）	连续变量	6844.3
婚姻	虚拟变量	0	未婚	0.22
		1	已婚	0.78	小汽车数量	连续变量	0.67
住房产权	虚拟变量	0	无住房产权	0.34
		1	自有产权	0.66	电动车数量	连续变量	0.54
有无驾照	虚拟变量	0	无驾照	0.38
		1	有驾照	0.62

建成环境变量	描述	居住地平均值	居住地标准差	工作地平均值	工作地标准差
到地铁站距离	距离最近地铁站的路网距离/km	7.2	8.8	6.4	8.8
公交站密度	路网缓冲区内公交站数量除以缓冲区面积/(个/km²)	23.4	13.4	23.8	15.6
路网密度	缓冲区内的公路路网密度/（km/km²）	11.3	3.1	13.2	5.2
土地混合利用度^*	路网缓冲区内各类POI点混合密度	0.7	0.1	0.7	0.1
设施密度	路网缓冲区内POI总数量除以缓冲区面积/(个/km²)	571.7	449.2	1257.1	1699.7
到人民广场距离	居住地到人民广场的直线距离/km	25.7	15.2