1996—2015年纽约湾区生态系统服务对景观格局变化的响应

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.04.2020124

世界地理研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 826-838.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.04.2020124

1996—2015年纽约湾区生态系统服务对景观格局变化的响应

曹君¹(), 张正栋¹(), 崔峰艳¹, 陈宋佳¹, 杨阳², 匡腾飞³, 陈裕婵⁴

^1.华南师范大学地理科学学院，广州 510631
^2.广东省生态环境监测中心，广州 510308
^3.深圳市城市规划设计研究院，深圳 518031
^4.中山大学大气科学学院，广州 519082

收稿日期:2020-03-05 修回日期:2020-05-20 出版日期:2021-07-30 发布日期:2021-08-06
通讯作者: 张正栋
作者简介:曹君（1997-），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为景观格局与生态系统服务研究，E-mail： jun_xht@126.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41471147)

Response of ecosystem services to landscape pattern changes in the New York Bay Area from 1996 to 2015

Jun CAO¹(), Zhengdong ZHANG¹(), fengyan CUI¹, Sonja CHEN¹, Yang YANG², Tengfei KUANG³, Yuchan CHEN⁴

^1.School of Geography, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
^2.Guangdong Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Guangzhou 510308, China
^3.Shenzhen Urban Planning and Design Institute, Shenzhen 518031, China
^4.School of Atmospheric Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 519082, China

Received:2020-03-05 Revised:2020-05-20 Online:2021-07-30 Published:2021-08-06
Contact: Zhengdong ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态系统服务价值对景观格局演变的响应研究已成为地理学、生态学等领域的研究热点。以纽约湾区为研究区，利用1996—2015年土地覆被数据和数字高程数据，采用生态系统服务价值当量估算法、景观格局指数、空间自相关分析等方法，分析1996—2015年湾区景观格局的时空演变规律，定量评估研究区生态系统服务价值，探讨纽约湾区生态系统服务价值对景观格局变化的响应。结果表明：①纽约湾区景观以林地和建设用地为主，其整体变化幅度较小，20年间湿地面积减少约10.94%，而建设用地增长幅度较高，约25.91%。②纽约湾区1996—2015年间ESV总量呈逐步减少，20年间共减少57.83亿元，2000—2005年间下降幅度较大约1.69%。③湾区ESV空间异质性较强，不同地区ESV增减所对应的土地利用转移各有差异。湾区南部热点区多出现湿地增加，而北部则以水域、草地增加为主。湾区西部冷点区多为湿地转林地的现象，而中部冷点区则以建设用地增加为主。④除建设用地外，湾区其余地类均呈现人为干预越少，景观结合度、聚集度越高，越有利于提升湾区整体的生态系统服务价值的规律。⑤纽约湾区ESV强度与土地利用程度（La）的空间关联性较弱，且湾区生态环境质量逐年下降。研究结果希望对世界级大湾区环境资源利用率的提升研究具有借鉴意义。

关键词: 生态系统服务价值, 景观格局, 纽约湾区, 土地利用

Abstract:

The response of ecosystem service values to the evolution of landscape pattern has become a hot topic in the fields of geography and ecology. Based on the digital elevation data and land cover data in the New York Bay Area from 1996 to 2015, this paper analyzed the temporal and spatial evolution law of the bay area landscape pattern from 1996 to 2015, quantitatively evaluated the ecosystem service value of the bay area, and discussed the response of ecosystem service values to landscape pattern change by using the methods of ecosystem service value equivalent estimation, landscape pattern index and spatial autocorrelation analysis.The results show that: ① The landscape of the New York Bay area is dominated by forest and construction, and its overall change is relatively weak. The wetland area decreased by approximately 10.94% in 20 years, and the construction land increased by approximately 25.91%.② From 1996 to 2015, the ESV in the New York Bay area decreased gradually, with a total decrease of 5.783 billion yuan in 20 years, and a rapid decrease of about 1.69% between 2000 and 2005.③ The spatial heterogeneity of ESV in the Bay Area is strong, and the land-use transfer corresponding to the increase and decrease of ESV in different regions varies. The hotspots in the southern part of the Bay Area tend to increase in wetlands, while the northern part is dominated by waters and grasslands. The cold spot areas in the west of the Bay Area are mostly wetland to forest, while the central cold spot areas are dominated by increased construction.④ Except for the construction land, the less human intervention, the higher landscape integration and aggregation, the more conducive to enhance the overall ecosystem service value of the bay area.⑤ The spatial correlation between ESV intensity and land use (LA) is weak, and the eco-environmental quality of New York Bay area is declining year by year. The results of the study are expected to be of reference to the study of improving the utilization of environmental resources in the world-class Greater Bay Area.

Key words: ecosystem services values, Landscape pattern, New York Bay Area, land use

曹君, 张正栋, 崔峰艳, 陈宋佳, 杨阳, 匡腾飞, 陈裕婵. 1996—2015年纽约湾区生态系统服务对景观格局变化的响应[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(4): 826-838.

Jun CAO, Zhengdong ZHANG, fengyan CUI, Sonja CHEN, Yang YANG, Tengfei KUANG, Yuchan CHEN. Response of ecosystem services to landscape pattern changes in the New York Bay Area from 1996 to 2015[J]. World Regional Studies, 2021, 30(4): 826-838.

图/表 11

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土地利用类型	生态系统服务价值系数	土地利用类型	生态系统服务价值系数
耕地(Cropland)	41753	湿地(Wetland)	1051305
林地(Forestland	40365	建设用地(Urban)	49958
草地(Grassland)	31245	未利用地(Unutilized land)	0
水域(Water)	93840	未利用地(Unutilized land)	0

土地利用类型	生态系统服务价值系数	土地利用类型	生态系统服务价值系数
耕地(Cropland)	41753	湿地(Wetland)	1051305
林地(Forestland	40365	建设用地(Urban)	49958
草地(Grassland)	31245	未利用地(Unutilized land)	0
水域(Water)	93840	未利用地(Unutilized land)	0

类型	未利用地级	林、草、水用地级	农业用地级	城镇聚落用地级
土地利用类型	未利用地或难利用地	林地、草地、湿地、水域	耕地、园地、人工草地	城镇、居民点、工矿用地、交通用地
分级指数	1	2	3	4

类型	未利用地级	林、草、水用地级	农业用地级	城镇聚落用地级
土地利用类型	未利用地或难利用地	林地、草地、湿地、水域	耕地、园地、人工草地	城镇、居民点、工矿用地、交通用地
分级指数	1	2	3	4

景观类型	1996年		2000年		2005年		2010年		2015年		1996—2015 变化量 /km²
景观类型	面积 /km²	占比 /%	面积 /km²	占比 /%	面积 /km²	占比 /%	面积 /km²	占比 /%	面积 /km²	占比 /%	1996—2015 变化量 /km²
耕地	168.14	0.45	162.65	0.44	156.48	0.42	146.67	0.39	143.91	0.39	-24.23
林地	22902.90	61.57	22582.10	60.70	22306.30	59.96	21936.90	58.97	21711.70	58.36	-1191.20
草地	7015.48	18.86	7042.35	18.93	7025.22	18.88	6977.36	18.76	6909.17	18.57	-106.31
水域	1019.93	2.74	1028.84	2.77	1028.45	2.76	1037.09	2.79	1033.85	2.78	13.92
湿地	658.86	1.77	651.74	1.75	611.51	1.64	595.33	1.60	586.77	1.58	-72.10
建设用地	5339.02	14.35	5637.65	15.15	5977.83	16.07	6412.79	17.24	6721.71	18.07	1382.69
未利用地	96.03	0.26	94.99	0.26	94.55	0.25	94.19	0.25	93.17	0.25	-2.85
总值	37200.36	100	37200.32	100	37200.33	100	37200.34	100	37200.28	100	-0.08

1996—2015年纽约湾区生态系统服务对景观格局变化的响应

Response of ecosystem services to landscape pattern changes in the New York Bay Area from 1996 to 2015

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Metrics

景观类型	1996		2000		2005		2010		2015		研究期变化量 /亿元
景观类型	ESV /亿元	贡献比例 /%	ESV /亿元	贡献比例 /%	ESV /亿元	贡献比例 /%	ESV /亿元	贡献比例 /%	ESV /亿元	贡献比例 /%	研究期变化量 /亿元
耕地	7.02	0.32	6.79	0.31	6.53	0.30	6.12	0.28	6.01	0.28	-1.01
林地	924.48	41.91	911.53	41.40	900.39	41.60	885.48	41.12	876.39	40.80	-48.08
草地	219.20	9.94	220.04	9.99	219.50	10.14	218.01	10.12	215.88	10.05	-3.32
水域	95.71	4.34	96.55	4.39	96.51	4.46	97.32	4.52	97.02	4.52	1.31
湿地	692.66	31.40	685.18	31.12	642.88	29.70	625.88	29.07	616.87	28.72	-75.80
建设用地	266.73	12.09	281.65	12.79	298.64	13.80	320.37	14.88	335.80	15.63	69.08
未利用地	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0
总值	2205.80	100	2201.73	100	2164.46	100	2153.18	100	2147.97	100	-57.83
单位面积ESV值	59295.60		59186.16		58184.37		57881.21		57741.08		-1554.52

纽约湾区		PD	AREA_MN	FRAC_AM	COHESION	DIVISION	AI
ESV总值		0.427^*	0.757^**	0.611^**	0.525^**	-0.725^**	0.590^**
	耕地	0.947^*	0.975^**	0.941^*	0.963^**	.c	0.962^**
	林地	-0.986^**	0.995^**	0.886^*	0.907^*	-0.908^*	0.76
	草地	-0.917^*	0.953^*	0.934^*	0.975^**	-0.981^**	0.965^**
	水域	-0.931^*	0.976^**	0.858	0.879^*	-0.819	0.944^*
	湿地	0.974^**	0.943^*	0.994^**	0.972^**	.c	0.242
	建设用地	0.735	-0.029	0.928^*	0.869	-0.947^*	-0.031

年份	Not Sigenificant	High-High	Low-Low	Low-High	High-Low	全局Moran’I
1996年	9.19%	3.59%	63.11%	19.52%	4.59%	0.081
2000年	9.30%	3.71%	62.04%	20.48%	4.47%	0.084
2005年	9.10%	3.74%	61.51%	21.41%	4.25%	0.086
2010年	8.80%	3.77%	60.78%	22.45%	4.21%	0.087
2015年	8.72%	3.81%	60.11%	23.21%	4.15%	0.087
变化趋势	↓	↑	↓	↑	↓	↑

[1]	张红, 邓雯, 王艺. 2000—2020年印度土地利用的时空演化及驱动因素分析[J]. 世界地理研究, 2022, 31(4): 786-799.
[2]	侯婉, 侯西勇, 孙敏, 宋百媛. 2000—2010年亚欧大陆中低纬度海岸带土地利用/覆盖变化及驱动力分析[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(4): 813-825.
[3]	岳启发, 赵筱青, 李思楠, 谭琨, 普军伟, 王茜. “一带一路”背景下博多河流域景观格局变化及生态风险评价研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(4): 839-850.
[4]	廖佶慧, 彭贤伟, 王权, 简萍, 吴清婷. 海峡西岸城市群城市土地利用效益评价及其耦合协调关系研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(3): 556-566.
[5]	王璐, 袁艳斌, 董恒, 黄解军, 黄鹏, 张城芳. 土地利用景观格局空间尺度效应研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2020, 29(1): 96-103.