长三角城市群电子信息制造业的空间集聚及生产绩效研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2021.06.2020244

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以长三角城市群27个地级以上城市的电子信息制造业为研究对象，采用2004—2013年中国工业企业数据，利用EG集聚指数、核密度分析法、空间自相关和分位数回归模型，实证分析长三角电子信息制造业的空间集聚特征和及其发展绩效的影响因素。结果表明：长三角电子信息制造业呈现先集中后均衡的空间集聚，整体稳定在低集聚区间；长三角城市群电子信息制造业在相邻空间单位中具有空间正相关特点；集聚经济、政策支持等因素对不同企业绩效水平产生差异化影响。对于中低绩效企业而言，政策支持的促进效应大于集聚经济，对于高绩效企业而言，集聚经济的促进效应由于政策支持，内部规模经济对各绩效水平企业均呈促进效应。

关键词: 电子信息制造业, 空间集聚, 生产绩效, 长三角城市群

Abstract:

This paper takes electronic information manufacturing of 27 cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration as research object. Based on data from Chinese industrial firms, it firstly analysis the patterns of spatial agglomeration of electronic information manufacturing firms through adopting EG agglomeration index, spatial auto-correlation, kernel density analysis method. Then, it exams the relationship between spatial agglomeration, governmental founding and other related factors and firms' performance by using quantile regression model. The results show that: electronic information manufacturing firms are centralized in 2004 and then relatively balanced distributed with overall stability in low-level agglomeration; electronic information manufacturing firms have positive spatial correlation in adjacent spatial units; spatial agglomeration, policy support have differentiated effects on the three levels of firms' performance. While the policy support plays a great promoting part in low and medium performance firms, the agglomeration economy does well in high-performance firms. Internal scale economy has a promotion effect on all performance level of electronic information manufacturing firms.

Key words: electronic information manufacturing, spatial agglomeration, production performance, Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration

殷为华, 陈晓玲. 长三角城市群电子信息制造业的空间集聚及生产绩效研究[J]. 世界地理研究, 2021, 30(6): 1241-1252.

Weihua YIN, Xiaoling CHEN. Study on spatial agglomeration and performance of electronic information manufacturing in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration[J]. World Regional Studies, 2021, 30(6): 1241-1252.

图/表 5

参考文献 40

1	李怡.中国信息产业集群发展研究.上海:复旦大学,2005.
	Li Y. Study on the development of China's information industry cluster. Shanghai:Fudan University,2005.
2	上海市经济和信息化委员会.上海促进电子信息制造业发展"十三五"规划(沪经信[2017]51号). .[Shanghai Municipal Commission of Economy and Information Technology. 13th Five Year Plan for Promoting the Development of Electronic Information Manufacturing Industry in Shanghai( HJX [2017] No.51). ]
3	江曼琦, 刘晨.京津冀地区电子信息产业结构优化与协同发展策略.河北学刊,2016,36(6):135-142.
	Jiang M, Liu C. Optimization of electronic information industrial structure and coordinated development strategy in Beijing Tianjin Hebei Region,2016,36(6):135-142.
4	工业和信息化部赛迪研究院.电子信息制造业:加速跨界转型.中国经济和信息化,2014(Z4):70-76.
	SaidI Research Institute of the Ministry of industry and information technology. Electronic information manufacturing industry: accelerating cross-border transformation. China's Economy and Information Technology,2014(Z4):70-76.
5	陶少华, 任志安.我国电子信息制造业发展新特点.中国信息化,2014(9):16-19.
	Tao S, Ren Z. New characteristics of China's electronic information manufacturing industry. China Informatization,2014(9):16-19.
6	刘志鹏,刘霞,杨国梁.中国省域电子信息制造业效率及演化研究.科技管理研究,2019,39(19):148-154.
	Liu Z,Liu X,Yang G.Study on the efficiency and evolution of provincial electronic information manufacturing industry in China Science and Technology Management Research,2019,39(19):148-154.
7	席艳玲,时保国.中国电子信息制造业集聚发展与空间布局优化--基于省级面板数据的经验证据.甘肃行政学院学报,2017(2):99-113.
	Xi Y,Shi B. Agglomeration development and spatial layout optimization of China's electronic information manufacturing industry -- Empirical evidence --Based on provincial panel data. Journal of Gansu Administration Institute,2017(2):99-113.
8	段瑞明,王启达,金海.我国电子信息制造业产业集聚存在的问题及影响因素分析.化工管理,2017(8):134.
	Duan R,Wang Q,Jin H. Analysis of the problems and influencing factors in the agglomeration of electronic information manufacturing industry in China. Chemical Enterprise Management, 2017(8):134
9	陶于祥, 袁野, 樊自甫, 等.全球电子信息制造业发展趋势与经验借鉴.重庆邮电大学学报(社会科学版),2018, 30(1):89-95.
	Tao Y,Yuan Y,Fan Z. The development of global electronic information manufacturing industry and enlightenments. Journal of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications (Social Science Edition),2018,30(1):89-95.
10	李艺铭, 陈光.区域电子信息制造业的转型升级路径研究.工业经济论坛,2015(2):135-144.
	Li Y, Chen G. The path of transformation and upgrading of regional information industry. Industrial Economy Review, 2015(2):135-144.
11	朱秀娟.上海市电子信息制造业升级影响因素的实证分析.当代经济,2017(6):46-47.
	Zhu X. An Empirical analysis of the factors influencing the upgrading of electronic information manufacturing industry in Shanghai. Contemporary Economics,2017(6):46-47.
12	张艳辉.全球价值链下长三角产业升级的实证分析--以电子及通讯设备制造业为例.上海经济研究,2010(3):51-59+67.
	Zhang Y. Empirical Analysis of the Yangtze River Delta industry upgrading under global value chain. Shanghai Journal of Economics, 2010(3):51-59+67.
13	Marshall A. Principles of economics. 9th Edition. London: Macmillan, 1961: 325-330.
14	Jacobs J. The economies of cities. New York: Random House, 1969: 77.
15	Cainelli G, Montresor S, Marzetti G V. Spatial agglomeration and firm exit: a spatial dynamic analysis for Italian provinces. Small Business Economy,2014,43:213-228.
16	Glaeser EL, Kallal HD, Scheinkman JA,et al. Growth in cities.Journal of Political Economy,1992,100(1):126-152.
17	Henderson J V, Kuncoro A, Turner M. Industrial development in cities. Journal of Political Economy, 1995, 103(5):1067-1090.
18	Haining R P. Spatial data analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,2003.
19	Fischer M M, Getis A. Handbook of Applied Spatial Analysis: Software tools, methods and applications. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media,2009.
20	Li J M, Zhang W Z, Yu J H, et al. Industrial spatial agglomeration using distance-based approach in Beijing, China. Chinese Geographical Science, 2015, 25(6):698-712.
21	Marcon E, Puech F. Evaluating the geographic concentration of industries using distance-based methods. Journal of Economic Geography, 2003, 3(4):409-428.
22	Koh H J, Riedel N. Assessing the localization pattern of German manufacturing and service industries: A distance-based approach. Regional Studies, 2014, 48(5):823-843.
23	李佳洺, 张文忠, 李业锦,等. 基于微观企业数据的产业空间集聚特征分析--以杭州市区为例.地理研究, 2016,35(1):95-107.
	Li J, Zhang W, Li Y, et al. The Characteristics of industrial agglomeration--Based on micro-geographic data. Geographical Research, 2016, 35(1):95-107.
24	Dogan E. External scale economies in Turkish manufacturing industries. International Review of Applied Economics, 2001, 15(4):429-446.
25	简晓彬, 车冰清, 陈伟博.装备制造业空间集聚的测度及其动力效应--以江苏为例.经济论坛,2017(11):93-101.
	Jian X, Che B, Chen W. Measurement of spatial agglomeration of equipment manufacturing industry and its dynamic effect--a case study of Jiangsu Province. Economic Forum, 2017(11):93-101.
26	毕学成, 谷人旭, 苏勤,等.江苏省制造业集聚及地理格局演化.华东经济管理,2018,32(7):12-21.
	Bi X, Gu R, Su Q, et al. The agglomeration of manufacturing industry and the evolution of geographical pattern in Jiangsu Province. East China Economic Management, 2018, 32(7):12-21.
27	Antonietti R, Cainelli G. The role of spatial agglomeration in a structural model of innovation, productivity and export: a firm-level analysis. Annals of Regional Science, 2011, 46(3):577-600.
28	Strecker N. Innovation strategy and firm performance: An empirical study of publicly listed firms. Germany: Gabler Edition Wissenschaft, 2009.
29	陈凯华.新兴市场背景下研发强度对企业绩效的影响模式--基于中国领先电子制造企业的实证研究.企业管理, 2015(1):73-86.
	Chen K. The impact pattern of R&D investment intensity on firm's profiting capability in emerging market: Evidence from the leading China's electronic manufacturing firms. Industrial Economy Review, 2015(1):73-86.
30	单娟,吴珂珂,Jolly D R.企业创新战略对绩效的影响机制--基于电子制造企业的实证分析.华东经济管理,2015(2):130-135.
	Shan J, Wu K, Jolly D R.The influencing mechanism of innovation strategy on corporate performance--An empirical study based on Chinese electronic manufacturing firms.East China Economic Management, 2015(2):130-135.
31	Werbik A. Virtual products and physical resources: Software companies and spatial agglomeration. In: Audretsch D, Lehmann E, Meoli M, Vismara S.(eds)University evolution, entrepreneurial activity and regional competitiveness. Springer: International Studies in Entrepreneurship, 2016, 32:373-384.
32	张鑫, 朱英明, 李玉见.集聚经济影响下的企业生产率与企业空间选择.经济评论,2016(6):84-97.
	Wang X, Zhu Y, Li Y. Firm productivity and firm selection in the presence of agglomeration economies: The perspective of heterogeneous firm productivity. Economic Review, 2016(6):84- 97.
33	卢明华,李丽.北京电子信息产业及其价值链空间分布特征研究.地理研究,2012,31(10):1861-1871.
	Lu M,Li L. The spatial distribution of electronic information industries and its value chain parts in Beijing.Geographical Research. 2012,31(10):1861-1871.
34	Beaudry C,Swann P.Firm growth in industrial clusters of the United Kingdom.Small Business Economics,2009,32(4): 409-424.
35	王开良,秦慧.我国省域电子信息制造业效率测算及影响因素分析--基于DEA和面板Tobit模型.工业技术经济, 2017,6(5):36-40.
	Wang K.Qin H.An analysis of the influencing factors and efficiency calculation of electronic information manufacturing industry in China--Based on DEA and panel Tobit model.Journal of Industrial Technological Economics, 2017,6(5):36-40.
36	李晓钟, 徐怡. 政府补贴对企业创新绩效作用效应与门槛效应研究--基于电子信息产业沪深两市上市公司数据.中国软科学,2019(5):31-39.
	Li X, Xu Y. Research on the promoting effect and threshold effect of government subsidy on enterprise innovation performance--Based on data of Listed companies of electronic and information industry in Shanghai and Shenzhen. China Soft Science, 2019(5):31-39
37	贺灿飞, 朱向东, 孔莹晖, 等. 集聚经济、政策激励与中国计算机制造业空间格局--基于贸易数据的实证研究.地理科学,2018,38(10):1579-1588.
	He C, Zhu X, Kong Y,et al. Agglomeration economy, incentive policy and the spatial pattern of Chinese computer manufacturing industry: A case study based on export data. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2018, 38(10):1579-1588.
38	文东伟, 冼国明.中国制造业的空间集聚与出口:基于企业层面的研究.管理世界,2014(10):57-74.
	Wen D, Xian G. Spatial agglomeration and export of China's manufacturing industry: A study based on the enterprise level. Management World, 2014(10):57-74.
39	Koenker R, Bassett G W. Regression quantiles. Econometrica,1977, 50:43-61.
40	王俊松,贺灿飞. 集聚经济、外资溢出效应与中国汽车企业效率.地理科学进展.2009, 28(3):337-344.
	Wang J, He C. Agglomeration economies, FDI spillovers and Chinese automobile enterprises efficiency. Progress in Geography,2009,28(3):337-344.

参数	2004年	2007年	2010年	2013年
规模以上企业数	3622	4477	6125	5903
就业人数	1283412	2285171	4609963	3994036
EG指数	0.0053	0.0099	0.0198	0.0077

参数	2004年	2007年	2010年	2013年
规模以上企业数	3622	4477	6125	5903
就业人数	1283412	2285171	4609963	3994036
EG指数	0.0053	0.0099	0.0198	0.0077

类型	缩写	名称	指标含义
因变量	JX	生产绩效	电子信息制造企业生产总值与就业人数的比值
解释变量	LOCAL	地方化经济	城市电子信息制造企业生产总值
	URBAN	城市化经济	城市就业人口密度
	GOV	政策支持	电子信息制造企业的政府补贴收入
城市层面控制变量	AWAGE	劳动力成本	城市平均工资
	AGDP	城市经济实力	城市人均生产总值
	FDI	城市开放度	城市实际使用外资
企业层面控制变量	EXP	出口水平	电子信息制造企业出口交货值/销售值
	R&D	研发投入	电子信息制造企业的研发费用占工业总产值比重
	INECO	内部规模经济	电子信息制造企业的总资产乘以从业人员数的平方根

类型	缩写	名称	指标含义
因变量	JX	生产绩效	电子信息制造企业生产总值与就业人数的比值
解释变量	LOCAL	地方化经济	城市电子信息制造企业生产总值
	URBAN	城市化经济	城市就业人口密度
	GOV	政策支持	电子信息制造企业的政府补贴收入
城市层面控制变量	AWAGE	劳动力成本	城市平均工资
	AGDP	城市经济实力	城市人均生产总值
	FDI	城市开放度	城市实际使用外资
企业层面控制变量	EXP	出口水平	电子信息制造企业出口交货值/销售值
	R&D	研发投入	电子信息制造企业的研发费用占工业总产值比重
	INECO	内部规模经济	电子信息制造企业的总资产乘以从业人员数的平方根

变量	2007年			2013年
	模型1	模型2	模型3	模型5	模型6	模型7
	q=0.1	q=0.5	q=0.9	q=0.1	q=0.5	q=0.9
LOCAL	-1.13e-07^*	-7.82e-07^***	-3.09e-06^***	0.0001	0.0000	0.0056^*
LOCAL	(6.02e-8)	(1.57e-07)	(1.03e-06)	(0.0001)	(0.0004)	(0.0031)
URBAN	-0.0074	0.0411	0.3784^*	0.0122	0.3946	0.8621^*
URBAN	(0.0118)	(0.0307)	(0.2019)	(0.0133)	(0.0510)	(0.4558)
GOV	0.0052^***	0.1472^***	0.1091^***	0.0044^***	0.0069^***	0.1182^***
GOV	(0.0002)	(0.0005)	(0.0035)	(0.0001)	(0.0004)	(0.0036)
AGDP	-0.0009^***	-0.0004	-0.0008	-0.0004^***	0.0004	-0.0043
AGDP	(0.0003)	(0.0007)	(0.0049)	(0.0002)	(0.0006)	(0.0053)
FDI	1.4321^***	6.6080^***	26.5960^***	-0.0000	-0.0000	-0.0011^*
FDI	(0.5039)	(1.3125)	(8.6275)	(0.0000)	(0.0001)	(0.0005)
AWAGE	0.0020^**	-0.0001	-0.0113	0.0004	-0.0078^***	-0.0308
AWAGE	(0.0009)	(0.0023)	(0.0150)	(0.0006)	(0.0021)	(0.0190)
EXP	-13.9267^**	-43.0590^***	-24.9109	10.1073^**	18.4958	-207.2384
EXP	(6.4145)	(16.7087)	(109.8301)	(4.4480)	(17.1051)	(152.9212)
R&D	-52.7829	-181.1082	-613.5128	-0.2928^**	-0.3348	-1.5203
R&D	(91.912)	(239.4146)	(1573.729)	(0.1438)	(0.5530)	(4.9435)
INECO	1.86e-07^***	2.10e-06^***	8.38e-06^***	2.50e-07^***	1.24e-06^***	9.14e-06^***
INECO	(3.04e-08)	(7.92e-08)	(5.21e-07)	(8.78e-09)	(3.38e-08)	(3.02e-07)
F	85.18	193.98	37.50	330.11	211.39	258.74
F	(0.0000)	(0.0000)	(0.0000)	(0.0000)	(0.0000)	(0.0000)
Pseudo R²	0.0077	0.0258	0.0555	0.0045	0.0092	0.0152