主管单位：中国科学技术协会
主办单位：中国地理学会
承办单位：华东师范大学
世界地理研究

世界地理研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 1-13.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-9479.2023.04.2021892

• 世界政治与经济 •    

全球化背景下中亚地区六大城市的发展过程与动力分析

马海涛1(), 蔡丽燕2, 杨锦坤3(), 王胜男2, 欧阳海文2, 胡佳慧2, 杨胜男4   

  1. 1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所，北京 100101
    2.湖南农业大学风景园林与艺术设计学院，长沙 410128
    3.厦门理工学院文化产业与旅游学院，厦门 361024
    4.福建师范大学经济学院，福州 350100
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-30 修回日期:2022-01-28 出版日期:2023-04-15 发布日期:2023-05-19
  • 通讯作者: 杨锦坤
  • 作者简介:马海涛（1979—），男，博士，副研究员，硕士生导师，研究方向为城市地理与规划，E-mail： maht@igsnrr.ac.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（A类）子课题(XDA20040402)

Analysis of the development processes and dynamics of six major cities in Central Asia in the context of globalization

Haitao MA1(), Liyan CAI2, Jinkun YANG3(), Shengnan WANG2, Haiwen OUYANG2, Jiahui HU2, Shengnan YANG4   

  1. 1.Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
    2.College of Landscape Architecture and Art Design, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
    3.School of Cultural Industries and Tourism, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China
    4.School of Economics, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350100, China
  • Received:2021-11-30 Revised:2022-01-28 Online:2023-04-15 Published:2023-05-19
  • Contact: Jinkun YANG

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摘要：

基于多源数据和实地调研，本文从人口、用地、经济和社会4个方面深入分析中亚地区六大城市自国家独立以来的发展过程，并基于内外动力视角探讨了六大城市发展的影响因素。主要结论如下：①六大城市在国家独立之后得到了快速发展，在进入21世纪前表现为城市建设用地的快速扩张，之后表现为人口的快速集聚，目前均已成为国家经济中心，对国家经济具有极高的贡献度，但社会发展水平是主要短板；②六大城市的发展存在较大差异，城市产业和空间各有特色，阿拉木图和阿斯塔纳具有较强的经济实力，塔什干具有较大的人口规模，比什凯克和杜尚别集中了全国较多的城镇人口，阿斯塔纳和塔什干后期建设步伐加快；③六大城市发展受到了内力和外力的共同影响，政府、市场和科技等内部动力共同驱动了城市社会经济发展，但科技支撑能力不足；对外贸易、对外交通和对外政策等外部动力共同促进了六大城市的全球化进程，但六大城市的营商环境亟须优化。研究认为，对人口和经济规模较小的国家而言，推动内力和外力的联动是实现国家快速发展的关键，而首都必然要承担起内外联动的重要使命。

关键词: 首都, 中亚国家, 城市发展, 内外动力, 全球化, 丝绸之路经济带

Abstract:

This paper examines the growth processes of six major cities in Central Asia since independence from the perspectives of population, land use, economy, and society. It also discusses the factors that have influenced the growth of six major cities from the perspective of internal and external dynamics. The analysis is based on statistical data and field research. The following are the primary conclusions: (1) Six major cities have developed rapidly after the independence, which is manifested by the rapid expansion of urban construction land before entering the 21st century, and then by the rapid agglomeration of population. At present, they have become the national economic centers with high economic contribution, but their level of social development remains a weakness. (2)The development of the six major cities differs greatly, and each has its characteristics in terms of urban industry and space. Almaty and Astana have strong economic strength, Tashkent has a large population, Bishkek and Dushanbe have concentrated urban population, and the construction of Astana and Tashkent is accelerated later on. (3) The development of the six major cities is influenced by both internal forces and external forces. The government, market and science and technology jointly drive the development of the city's social economy, but the science and technology support capacity is insufficient. External forces, such as foreign trade, transport and foreign policy, promote participation in globalization, but there is an urgent need to optimize the business environment. It is concluded that for countries with small populations and economic scales, the linkage between internal and external force is the key to achieve rapid national development, and the capital must undertake the important mission of internal and external linkage.

Key words: capital, Central Asian states, urban development, internal and external dynamics, globalization, Silk Road Economic Belt